Sex-Specific Analysis of Cardiovascular Function pp 139-151 | Cite as
Sex Differences in Regulation of Blood Pressure
Chapter
First Online:
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. There are gender differences in the prevalence of hypertension and in the mechanisms responsible for hypertension in humans. This review will discuss the mechanisms for regulation of blood pressure, sex differences that have been identified in animal studies, and the gender differences that have been identified in humans.
Keywords
Hypertension Obesity Metabolic syndrome Postmenopausal women Hypogonadism Immune system-mediated hypertension Androgens Estrogens EndothelinNotes
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by NIH grants, R01HL66072, R01HL67028, P01HL51971, and P20GM121334.
References
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