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Phagocytes

  • Tyler Nygaard
  • Natalia Malachowa
  • Scott D. Kobayashi
  • Frank R. DeLeo
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Phagocytes are a heterogeneous group of white cells or leukocytes—comprised of granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes—that are important for innate and acquired immunity. Phagocytic leukocytes originate from bone marrow stem cells during hematopoiesis or from fetal precursor cells that seed tissues during embryogenesis. A primary function of mature phagocytes is to ingest and kill microorganisms. These leukocytes use oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent processes to kill and degrade microbes. Phagocytes also generate extracellular traps, which can ensnare microbes and thereby contribute to host defense. Some phagocytes function as antigen-presenting cells and thus serve as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. In addition to playing an important role in host defense, phagocytes eliminate dead host cells and debris, a process that maintains steady-state tissue homeostasis.

Keywords

Phagocyte Phagocytosis Macrophage Monocyte Granulocyte Neutrophil Polymorphonuclear leukocyte PMN Innate immunity Inflammation 

Abbreviations

APC

Antigen-presenting cell

BMCP

Basophil-MC progenitor cell

BPI

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein

CCL2

CC-chemokine ligand 2

cDC

Classical DC

CDP

Common DC progenitor

CLP

Common lymphoid progenitor

CMP

Common myeloid progenitor

CXCL8

CXC-chemokine ligand 8 (IL-8)

DAMP

Damage-associated molecular pattern

DC

Dendritic cell

EPC

Embryonic progenitor cell

ESL1

E-selectin ligand 1

ET

Extracellular trap

GAG

Glycosaminoglycan

GMP

Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor

H2O2

Hydrogen peroxide

HMGB1

High-mobility group box 1

HNP

Human neutrophil peptide

HOCl

Hypochlorous acid

HSC

Hematopoietic stem cell

ICAM-1

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

iNOS

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

JAM-A

Junctional adhesion molecule A

JAM-C

Junctional adhesion molecule C

LMPP

Lymphoid-myeloid multipotent progenitor

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide

MDP

Macrophage-DC progenitor

MEP

Megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor

MHC

Major histocompatibility complex

MPO

Myeloperoxidase

MPP

Multipotent progenitor

NET

Neutrophil extracellular trap

PAMP

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

pDC

Plasmacytoid DC

PECAM-1

Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31)

PMN

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (or neutrophil)

PRR

Pattern recognition receptor

PSGL1

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1

RNS

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

SYK

Spleen tyrosine kinase

TCR

T cell receptor

TEM

Transendothelial cell migration

TNF

Tumor necrosis factor

VCAM-1

Vasculature intercellular adhesion molecule 1

VLA-4

Very late antigen 4

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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ryan Kissinger (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) for preparation of illustrations. The authors are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Tyler Nygaard
    • 1
  • Natalia Malachowa
    • 1
  • Scott D. Kobayashi
    • 1
  • Frank R. DeLeo
    • 1
  1. 1.Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain LaboratoriesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthHamiltonUSA

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