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Quality Standards for Recycled Water: Opuntia ficus-indica as Sorbent Material

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Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in the Food Industry

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science ((BRIEFSCHEFO))

Abstract

In recent years, increased industrial and agricultural activities and the correlated population growth led to overexploitation of natural resources and the increased generation of various types of pollutants. For these reasons, the hazardous pollution of wastewater is one of the most important environmental problems worldwide. A wide range of wastewater treatment technologies are available; however, some disadvantages are often reported. Hence, there is a constant need to search for an efficient, low-cost and alternative wastewater treatment. Recently, several biosolids have been considered for pollutant removal from wastewaters, including Opuntia ficus-indica. This chapter focuses on wastewater treatment strategies involving material parts in sewage containing high levels of chemical oxygen demand and turbidity, heavy metals and pesticides.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The following chemicals can be used as coagulation agents: aluminium, ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride. In addition, polyaluminium chloride, polyferric sulphate and polyacrylamide can be considered as flocculants.

Abbreviations

BOD:

Biochemical oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DDT:

Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane

∆H:

Enthalpy change

FeCl3 :

Ferric chloride

FT-IR:

Fourier-transform infrared

∆G:

Gibbs free energy change

OFI:

Opuntia ficus-indica

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  1. ARPA, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Ragusa, Italy

    Marcella Barbera

  2. Benaquam S.R.L., Dogana, Republic of San Marino

    Giovanni Gurnari

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  1. Marcella Barbera
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Barbera, M., Gurnari, G. (2018). Quality Standards for Recycled Water: Opuntia ficus-indica as Sorbent Material. In: Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in the Food Industry. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68442-0_4

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