Cardiovascular Manifestations of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders

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Abstract

Chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are characterized by a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among such patients. The increase in CV events is attributed mainly to accelerated atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction with inflammation providing the pivotal link. The association of IMID with atherosclerosis suggests a common pathogenic mechanism. Genomic and proteomic studies performed on atherosclerotic plaques have confirmed the presence of gene and protein profile similar to that observed in autoimmune diseases with cardiovascular risks. Traditional risk assessment usually underestimates CVD risk in IMID. In IMID inflammation and autoimmunity further promote atherosclerosis. Evidence is accumulating indicating heterogeneity in the vascular involvement underlying different autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Recent research provides evidence that genes explain the higher prevalence of CVD in patients with chronic IMID. Epigenetic mechanisms seem to influence inflammation and CVD associated with IMID. Genomic and proteomic studies will aid to identify novel patterns of biomarkers, while together with the traditional risk factors, the novel non-taditional risk factors might help target better screening.

Keywords

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease Inflammation Traditional and non- traditional risk factors 
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© Springer International Publishing AG 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Alexandria HospitalAlexandriaEgypt

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