Image-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Small Renal Masses

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Abstract

The diagnosis of incidental small renal masses (SRM) has increased during the past two decades secondary to the increased use of various abdominal imaging modalities. In the past decade, there has been a shift from radical nephrectomy to nephron-sparing surgery techniques where partial nephrectomy has become the standard of care. Thermal ablation (TA) modalities such as freezing or heating delivered percutaneously for the treatment of small renal masses (SRM) are now offered in most institutions as a treatment option. Clinical guidelines have indicated that TA is appropriate for select patients that are medically high risk or elderly. In our institution and in select centres, TA is discussed and often offered for all patients with SRM as equivalent treatment without respect to age or co-morbidities. As provider experience improves and long-term outcome studies become available, TA is becoming increasingly accepted as a potential new standard of care for solid SRM. This review will highlight the role of image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) techniques and their application focusing on the different imaging modalities for RFA application which, most commonly, include percutaneous (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT)). Our aim is to summarize those studies along with long-term follow-up.

Keywords

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) Kidney cancer Targeting Image guidance Renal mass 

Abbreviations

CA

Cryoablation

EMN

Electromagnetic navigation

MWA

Microwave ablation

NSS

Nephron-sparing surgery

PN

Partial nephrectomy

RCC

Renal cell carcinoma

RFA

Radiofrequency ablation

RN

Radical nephrectomy

SRM

Small renal masses

TA

Thermal ablation

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of UrologyFlorida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, East Bethesda HospitalBoynton BeachUSA

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