Case 21

  • Michael S. Lee
  • Kathleen B. Digre
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Summary Points

  • Diagnose the cause (s) of photophobia—realizing that dry eyes and migraine are the most frequent causes.

  • Treat all of the causes you find since treatment will improve outcome.

  • Consider a trial of blue-blocking lenses (FL-41 tint).

Keywords

Photophobia Migraine Dry eyes Ocular inflammation Tinted lenses FL-41 
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For Further Study

  1. 1.
    Digre KB, Brennan KC. Shedding light on photophobia. J Neuroophthalmol. 2012;32:68–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Katz BJ, Digre KB. Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of photophobia. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016;61(4):466–77.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Llop SM, Frandsen JE, Digre KB, Katz BJ, Crum AV, Zhang C, Warner JE. Increased prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with migraine and interictal photophobia. J Headache Pain. 2016;17:34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Michael S. Lee
    • 1
  • Kathleen B. Digre
    • 2
  1. 1.University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
  2. 2.University of UtahSalt Lake CityUSA

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