Introduction

Abstract

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are devices that directly read brain activity and use it in a real-time, closed loop system with feedback to the user. Unlike all other interfaces, BCIs do not require movement. Instead, the information from the brain is translated into messages or commands without relying on the body’s natural output pathways. Thus, BCIs can be very helpful to people with severe motor disabilities that prevent them from speaking or using most (or even all) other devices for communication.