Abstract
This chapter will discuss the clinical presentation, pathology, staging, management, and radiation techniques for vulvar cancers.
Keywords
Vulvar cancer Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Bartholin’s tumorsNotes
Acknowledgment
We thank Stephen Shiao MD, PhD, Brian Missett MD, and Joycelyn L. Speight MD, PhD for their work on the prior edition of this chapter.
References
- Beriwal S, Heron DE, Kim H, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the treatment of vulvar carcinoma: a comparative dosimetric study with early clinical outcome. Int J Radiat OncolBiolPhys. 2006;64(5):1395–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Beriwal S, Shukla G, Shinde A, et al. Preoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced vulvar carcinoma: analysis of pattern of relapse. Radiat Oncol Biol. 2013;85(5):1269–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Burger MP, Hollema H, Emanuels AG, Krans M, Pras E, Bouma J. The importance of the groin node status for the survival of T1 and T2 vulval carcinoma patients. Gynecol Oncol. 1995;57(3):327–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dusenbery KE, Carlson JW, LaPorte RM, et al. Radical vulvectomy with postoperative irradiation for vulvar cancer: therapeutic implications of a central block. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994;29:989–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gaffney DK, King B, Viswanathan AN, et al. Consensus recommendations for radiation therapy contouring and treatment of vulvar carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016;95(4):1191–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gill BS, Bernard ME, Lin JF, et al. Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy with radiation for node-positive vulvar cancer: a National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2015;137(3):365–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Heaps JM, Fu YS, Montz FJ, et al. Surgical–pathologic variables predictive of local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol. 1990;38:309–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Homesley HD, Bundy BN, Sedlis A, et al. Radiation therapy versus pelvic node resection for carcinoma of the vulva with positive groin nodes. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;68:733–40.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kirby TO, Rocconi RP, Numnum TM, et al. Outcomes of stage I/II vulvar cancer patients after negative superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;98:309–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Klopp AH, Eifel PJ, Berek JS, Konstantinopoulous PA. Cancer of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. In: DeVita Jr VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA, editors. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s cancer principles & practice of oncology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. p. 1013–47.Google Scholar
- Kunos C, Simpkins F, Gibbons H, et al. Radiation therapy compared with pelvic node resection for node-positive vulvar cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:537–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Landrum LM, Grainger SL, Skaggs VJ, et al. Gynecologic Oncology Group risk groups for vulvar carcinoma: improvement in survival in the modern era. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;106:521–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Landrum LM, Skaggs V, Gould N. Comparison of outcome measures in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated with surgery or primary chemoradiation. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;108(3):584–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lee LJ, Howitt B, Catalano P, et al. Prognostic importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) and p16 positivity in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated with radiotherapy. Gynecol Oncol. 2016;142(2):293–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Levenback CF, Ali S, Coleman RL, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(31):3786–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Montana GS, Kang S. Carcinoma of the vulva. In: Perez CA, Brady LW, Halperin EC, et al., editors. Principles and practice of radiation oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 1692–707.Google Scholar
- Montana GS, Thomas GM, Moore DH, et al. Preoperative chemo-radiation for carcinoma of the vulve with N2/N3 nodes: a gynecologic oncology group study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;48:1007–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Moore DH, Ali S, Koh W-J, et al. A phase II trial of radiation therapy and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2012;124(3):529–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Moore DH, Thomas GM, Montana GS, et al. Preoperative chemoradiation for advanced vulvar cancer: a phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;42:79–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- National Cancer Institute.Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program (SEER). 2016. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/vulva.html. Accessed 17 Aug 2016.Google Scholar
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network.Vulvar cancer (version 1.2016). 2016. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/vulvar.pdf. Accessed 17 Aug 2016.Google Scholar
- Pecorelli S. Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;105(2):103–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Petereit DG, Mehta MP, Buchler DA, et al. Inguinofemoral radiation of N0, N1 vulvar cancer may be equivalent to lymphadenectomy if proper radiation technique is used. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993;27(4):963–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Russell AH, Horowitz NS. Vulvar and vaginal carcinoma. In: Gunderson LL, Tepper JE, editors. Clinical radiation oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2015. p. 1230–63.Google Scholar
- Stehman FB, Bundy BN, Thomas G, et al. Groin dissection versus groin radiation in carcinoma of the vulva: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1992;24:389–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Van der Zee AG, Oonk MH, DeHullu JA, et al. Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(6):884–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018