ICEIS 2016: Enterprise Information Systems pp 414-435 | Cite as
Participatory Icons Specification for Expressing Intentions in Computer-Mediated Communications
Abstract
Web-mediated conversations require treating intentions more explicitly. Literature lacks adequate design methods and interactive mechanisms to support users in the sharing of intentions. This research assumes that icons representing emotions play a central role as means for aiding users to convey intentions in communication tasks. This article proposes a method to specify emoticons for representing the users’ intentions, named “intenticons”. The work explores Speech Act Theory and Semiotics in a conceptual framework to structure classes of intentions. We conduct participatory activities to experiment the method with 40 users. The obtained intenticons were evaluated with a different set of users to reveal their effectiveness. The obtained results suggest the feasibility of the method to select and enhance emoticons for intention expression. Evaluations point out that most of the achieved intenticons indicate an acceptable degree of representativeness for the intention classes.
Keywords
Icons Emoticons Meanings Intentions Pragmatics Communication HCINotes
Acknowledgment
We thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Grant #2014/14890-0) and National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) (Grant #308618/2014-9). We also thank colleagues from the InterHAD research group for the insightful discussions. The opinions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies.
References
- 1.Carretero, M., Maíz-Arévaloa C., Martíneza M.A.: An analysis of expressive speech acts in online task-oriented interaction by university students. In: 32nd International Conference of the Spanish Association of Applied Linguistics (AESLA), pp. 186–190 (2015)Google Scholar
- 2.Derks, D., Fischer, A.H., Bos, A.E.R.: The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: a review. Comput. Hum. Behav. 24, 766–785 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Dresner, E., Herring, S.C.: Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: emoticons and illocutionary force. Commun. Theor. 20, 249–268 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Hornung, H., Baranauskas, M.C.C.: Towards a conceptual framework for interaction design for the pragmatic web. In: Jacko, J.A. (ed.) HCI 2011. LNCS, vol. 6761, pp. 72–81. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Hornung, H., Pereira, R., Baranauskas, M.C.C., Bonacin, R., Dos Reis, J.C.: Identifying pragmatic patterns of collaborative problem solving. In: IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet, Madrid, Spain, pp. 379–387 (2012)Google Scholar
- 6.Huang, A.H., Yen, D.C., Zhang, X.: Exploring the potential effects of emoticons. Inf. Manag. 45(7), 466–473 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Jensen, C.J., Dos Reis, J.C., Bonacin, R.: An interaction design method to support the expression of user intentions in collaborative systems. In: Kurosu, M. (ed.) HCI 2015. LNCS, vol. 9169, pp. 214–226. Springer, Cham (2015). doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20901-2_20 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Liu, K., Li, W.: Organisational Semiotics for Business Informatics. Routledge, Abingdon (2014)Google Scholar
- 9.Luor, T., Wu, L., Lu, H., Tao, Y.T.: The effect of emoticons in simplex and complex task-oriented communication: an empirical study of instant messaging. Comput. Hum. Behav. 26, 889–895 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Peirce, C.S. Collected Papers. Cambridge. Harvard University Press, Harvard University Press (1931–1958)Google Scholar
- 11.Rocha, H.V., Baranauskas, M.C.C.: Design e Avaliação de Interfaces Humano-Computador. NIED/UNICAMP, Campinas (2003)Google Scholar
- 12.Searle, J.R.: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Thoresen, T.H., Andersen, H.M.: The Effects of Emoticons on Perceived Competence and Intention to Act. BI Norwegian Business School (2013)Google Scholar
- 14.Urabe, Y., Rzepka, R., Araki, K.: Emoticon recommendation for Japanese computer-mediated communication. In: IEEE Seventh International Conference on Semantic Computing, pp. 25–31 (2013)Google Scholar