Oxidative Stress-Induced Bioprospecting of Microalgae

  • Kaumeel Chokshi
  • Imran Pancha
  • Arup Ghosh
  • Sandhya Mishra
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Microalgae are sunlight-driven cell factories found in diverse marine and freshwater environments. With simple growth requirements (light, CO2, N, P and K), microalgae produce various valuable products like carotenoids, antioxidants, fatty acids, enzymes, polymers, peptides, toxins and sterols. Their photosynthetic mechanism is similar to plants, but due to their simple cellular structure and submergence in an aqueous environment, in most cases, they have an efficient access to water, CO2 and other nutrients. In addition, their growth is faster and photosynthetic efficiency is higher compared to terrestrial crop plants. Their shorter generation time allows production of lipids and carbohydrates in large amounts over short periods of time, which can be easily converted into biofuels. Due to these reasons, microalgae are considered as an alternative renewable feedstock for biofuel production. In any organism, fluctuating environmental conditions trigger a series of physiological processes and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are highly reactive and damage proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA, ultimately resulting into cellular toxicity. Stress-induced ROS accumulation is counteracted by cellular enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Excessive ROS damage the ability of the cells to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage, ultimately leading to oxidative stress conditions. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress is a mediator for increased accumulation of lipid and various bioactive metabolites in microalgae. This chapter provides comprehensive information on bioprospecting of microalgae under oxidative stress conditions, mainly for their carotenoid accumulation and biofuel potential. An overview of omics platform including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics is also provided in the context of better understanding the stress response of microalgae at cellular level and using these advanced approaches for the development of microalgal biofactory.

Keywords

Microalgae Bioprospecting Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species Biofuel Carotenoids Omics 
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Notes

Acknowledgement

CSIR-CSMCRI Registration Number: 115/2016. KC acknowledges AcSIR for his Ph.D. enrolment. KC and IP acknowledge CSIR-SRF and CSC-0203 for their funding support. Dr. Arvind Kumar, DC, SMC, is gratefully acknowledged for his motivation and constant support. Authors acknowledge the continuous support of all present and past laboratory members. Authors are also thankful to editors for providing an opportunity to write this chapter. The authors apologize to all researchers whose relevant work could not be cited due to space limitations.

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Kaumeel Chokshi
    • 1
    • 2
  • Imran Pancha
    • 1
  • Arup Ghosh
    • 2
    • 3
  • Sandhya Mishra
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Discipline of Salt and Marine ChemicalsCSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagarIndia
  2. 2.Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagarIndia
  3. 3.Discipline of Plants OmicsCSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagarIndia

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