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The Long Road to Developing Agromining/Phytomining

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Agromining: Farming for Metals

Part of the book series: Mineral Resource Reviews ((MIRERE))

Abstract

The concept of phytomining is a natural extension of botanical prospecting and the study of metal biochemistry and biogeography of metal hyperaccumulator plants. Some elements may be phyto-extracted to remediate soils, but the recovered biomass would have little economic value (Cd, As, etc.) and disposal of the biomass would be a cost. A few elements may have sufficient economic value in phytomining biomass to support commercial practice (Ni, Co, Au). The development of phytomining requires (1) selection of high-biomass hyperaccumulator plant species; (2) evaluation of genetic diversity and breeding of improved strains with higher yields of the phytoextracted element; (3) development of agronomic practices to maximize economic return; and (4) development of methods to recover the phytomined element from the plant biomass. Plant species and methods for phytomining of soil Ni have been demonstrated for several species and locations (temperate and tropical climates). Production of Ni metal in an electric arc furnace smelter, and of Ni(NH4)2SO4 using a hydrometallurgical method, have been demonstrated. Full commercial phytomining of Ni is beginning in Albania using Alyssum murale, and major trials in Malaysia are underway using Phyllanthus securinegioides. Variable prices of commodity metals add confusion to the development of commercial phytomining.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Rufus L. Chaney

  2. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Alan J. M. Baker

  3. Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Alan J. M. Baker

  4. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine-INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Alan J. M. Baker & Jean Louis Morel

Authors
  1. Rufus L. Chaney
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  2. Alan J. M. Baker
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  3. Jean Louis Morel
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Correspondence to Rufus L. Chaney .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine-INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Antony Van der Ent

  2. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine-INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Guillaume Echevarria

  3. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Alan J.M. Baker

  4. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine-INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Jean Louis Morel

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Chaney, R.L., Baker, A.J.M., Morel, J.L. (2018). The Long Road to Developing Agromining/Phytomining. In: Van der Ent, A., Echevarria, G., Baker, A., Morel, J. (eds) Agromining: Farming for Metals. Mineral Resource Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_1

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