Spectrum Sensing

  • Linling Kuang
  • Chunxiao Jiang
  • Yi Qian
  • Jianhua Lu
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Wireless Networks book series (WN)

Abstract

Cognitive radio has emerged as an efficient approach to implement reuse of the licensed spectrums. Among the cognitive radio technologies, cooperative spectrum sensing has been corroborated to be an effective approach to counter channel fading. In this chapter, we consider the terrestrial system as secondary user (SU) and the satellite system as primary user (PU), where secondary terrestrial users attempt to sense and access the primary satellite systems’ licensed spectrum. We first advance a strategy for SUs to search available spectrums with asynchronous MAC-layer sensing. With this method, the SUs do not need to know the communication mechanisms in satellite network when dynamically accessing. Then, we discuss the asynchronous cooperative sensing situation, and derive the optimal sensing parameters under such asynchronous scenario. Finally, we propose a density control mechanism for managing number of terrestrial secondary transmitters around one satellite ground station in order to guarantee that the primary communications are not interfered. Note that in the remaining of this section, all the “SUs” refer to the terrestrial unlicensed users and all the “PUs” refer to the licensed satellite systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Q. Zhao, S. Geirhofer, L. Tong, B.M. Sadler, Optimal dynamic spectrum access via periodic channel sensing, in IEEE WCNC, 2007, pp. 33–37Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    S. Sankaranarayanan, P. Papadimitratos, A. Mishra, S. Hershey, A bandwidth sharing approach to improve licensed spectrum utilization, in IEEE DySPAN, 2005, pp. 279–288Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    H. Su, X. Zhang, Cross-layer based opportunistic MAC protocols for QoS provisionings over cognitive radio wireless networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 26, 118–129 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Q. Zhao, L. Tong, A. Swami, Decentralized cognitive MAC for dynamic spectrum access, in IEEE DySPAN, 2005, pp. 224–232Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    H. Kim, K.G. Shin, Efficient discovery of spectrum opportunities with MAC-Layer sensing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 7, 533–545 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    C. Jiang, N. Beaulieu, L. Zhang, Y. Ren, M. Peng, H. Chen, Cognitive radio networks with asynchronous spectrum sensing and access. IEEE Netw. 29(3), 88–95 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    H. Kim, K.G. Shin, Fast discovery of spectrum opportunities in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE DySPAN, 2008, pp. 1–12Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Z. Ma, Z. Cao, W. Chen, A fair opportunistic spectrum access (FOSA) scheme in distributed cognitive radio networks, in IEEE ICC’08, 2008, pp. 4054–4058Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Z. Ma et al., Secondary user cooperation access scheme in opportunistic cognitive radio networks, in IEEE MILCOM’07, 2007, pp. 1–5Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    A. Papoulis, S. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 4th edn. (McGraw-Hill College, New York, 2002)Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    D.R. Cox, Renewal Theory (Butler and Tanner, Frome, 1967)MATHGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    K. Jong-Ho, H. Seung-Hoon, H. Deok-Kyu, Energy detector using a hybrid threshold in cognitive radio systems. IEICE Trans. Commun. E92-B(10), 3079–3083 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    S. Bernard, Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems, part I: characterization. IEEE Commun. Mag. 35(7), 90–100 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    W.C.Y. Lee, Estimate of channel capacity in Rayleigh fading environment. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 39(3), 187–189 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    D.P. Bertsekas, Nonlinear Programming. (Athena Scientific, Belmont, 1999)MATHGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    D. Cabric, I.D. O’Donnell, M.S. Chen, R.W. Brodersen, Spectrum sharing radios. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 6(2), 30–45 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    C. Jiang, H. Chen, P. Zhao, N. He, C. Chen, Y. Ren, Adaptive channel sensing for asynchronous cooperative spectrum sensing scheme. IEICE Trans. Commun. 96-B(3), 918–922 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Y. Gan, C. Jiang, N. Beaulieu, J. Wang, Y. Ren, Secure collaborative spectrum sensing: a peer-prediction method. IEEE Trans. Commun. 64(10), 4283–4294 (2016)Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    H. Kim, K.G. Shin, Efficient discovery of spectrum opportunities with MAC-Layer sensing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 7(5), 533–545 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    H. Uchiyama, K. Umebayashi, T. Fujii, F. Ono, K. Sakaguchi, Y. Kamiya, Y. Suzuki, Study on soft decision based cooperative sensing for cognitive radio networks. IEICE Trans. Commun. E91-B(1), 95–101 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Y. Liang, Y. Zeng, E.C. Peh, A.T. Hoang, Sensing-throughput tradeoff for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 7(4), 1326–1337 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    C. Jiang, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Ma, Y. Ren, Effective management of secondary user’s density in cognitive radio networks. IEICE Trans. Commun., 93-B(9), 2443–2447 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    C. Jiang, Y. Chen, Y. Gao, K.J.R. Liu, Indian buffet game with negative network externality and non-bayesian social learning. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. 45(4), 609–623 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    H. Zhang, C. Jiang, X. Mao, H. Chen, Interference-limited resource optimization in cognitive femtocells with fairness and imperfect spectrum sensing. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 65(3), 1761–1771 (2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    M. Vu, N. Devroye, V. Tarokh, The primary exclusive regions in cognitive networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 8, 3380–3385 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    P. Gupta, P. Kumar, The capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46, 388–404 (2000)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    D. Cabric et al., Spectrum sharing radios. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 6(2), 30–45 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    W.C.Y. Lee, Estimate of channel capacity in Rayleigh fading environment. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 39(3), 187–189 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    X. Zhou, Cognitive Radio (National Defense Industry Press, Beijing, 2008)Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    I.F. Akyildiz, W.Y. Lee, M.C. Vuran, M. Shantidev, Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 50(13), 2127–2159 (2006)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    F. Manavi, Y. Shayan, Implementation of OFDMmodem for the physical layer of IEEE 802.11a standard based on Xilinx Virtex-II FPGA. IEEE VTC’04, 2004, pp. 1768–1772Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    Wireless LAN media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications, Tech. Rep., IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (2009). http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/
  33. 33.
    S. Buljore, M. Muck, P. Martigne, P. Houze, H. Harada, K. Ishizu, O. Holland, A. Mihailovic, K.A. Tsagkaris, O. Sallent, G. Clemo, M. Sooriyabandara, V. Ivanov, K. Nolte, M. Stametalos, Introduction to IEEE P1900.4 activities. IEICE Trans. Commun. E91-B(1), 2–9 (2008)Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Z. Quan, S. Cui, A.H. Sayed, An optimal strategy for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE GLOBECOM’07, 2007, pp. 2947–2951Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    W. Zhang, R.K. Mallik, K.B. Letaief, Cooperative spectrum sensing optimization in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE ICC’08, 2008, pp. 3411–3415Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    J. Shen, T. Jiang, S. Liu, Z. Zhang, Maximum channel throughput via cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 8(10), 5166–5175 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    C. Sun, W. Chen, K.B. Letaief, Joint scheduling and cooperative sensing in cognitive radios: a game theoretic approach, in IEEE WCNC’09, 2009, pp. 1–5Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    C. Song, Q. Zhang, Achieving cooperative spectrum sensing in wireless cognitive radio networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev. 13(2), 14–25 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    C. Jiang, X. Ma, X. Zhang, Y. Ren, An asynchronous interference-aware dynamic spectrum access algorithm for secondary users, in IEEE WCNC’10, 2010, pp. 1–6Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    C. Jiang, X. Ma, C. Chen, J. Ma, Y. Ren, On searching available channels with asynchronous MAC-layer spectrum sensing. IEICE Trans. Commun. E93-B(8), 2113–2125 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    C. Jiang, Y. Chen, K.J.R. Liu, Y. Ren, Analysis of interference in cognitive radio networks with unknown primary behavior, in Proceedings of the IEEE ICC, 2012, pp. 1746–1750Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    C. Jiang, Y. Chen, K.J.R. Liu, A renewal-theoretical framework for dynamic spectrum access with unknown primary behavior, in Proceedings of the IEEE Globecom, 2012, pp. 1–6Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    C. Jiang, Y. Chen, K.J.R. Liu, Y. Ren, Renewal-theoretical dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio network with unknown primary behavior. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 31(3), 406–416 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    B. Soodesh et al., Introduction to IEEE P1900.4 activities. IEICE Trans. Commun. E91-B, 2–9 (2008)Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    N.S. Shankar, C. Cordeiro, Analysis of aggregated interference at DTV receivers in TV bands, in IEEE CrownCom, 2008, pp. 1–6Google Scholar
  46. 46.
    M. Vu, N. Devroye, V. Tarokh, Interference aggregation in spectrum-sensing cognitive wireless networks. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sig. Process. 2, 41–56 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    M. Hanif et al., Interference and deployment issues for cognitive radio systems in shadowing environments, in IEEE ICC’09, 2009, pp. 1–6Google Scholar
  48. 48.
    Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; Transmission aspects, Tech. Rep., European Broadcasting Union (2008). http://www.dvb.org/

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Linling Kuang
    • 1
  • Chunxiao Jiang
    • 1
  • Yi Qian
    • 2
  • Jianhua Lu
    • 1
  1. 1.Tsinghua Space CenterTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
  2. 2.Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUSA

Personalised recommendations