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DNA Methyltransferases in Mammalian Oocytes

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Oocytes

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 63))

Abstract

Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in properly occurring mammalian oogenesis. One of these mechanisms is DNA methylation adding a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine residues using S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a methyl donor. DNA methylation generally takes place at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites and rarely occurs at cytosine-phosphate-thymine (CpT), cytosine-phosphate-adenine (CpA), or cytosine-phosphate-cytosine sites, known as non-CpG sites. Basically, two different DNA methylation processes are identified: de novo methylation and maintenance methylation. While the de novo methylation functions in methylation of unmethylated DNA strands, maintenance methylation is capable of methylating hemi-methylated DNA strands following DNA replication. Both DNA methylation processes are catalyzed by special DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. To date, five different DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L, and DNMT2. In this chapter, we focus particularly on temporal and spatial expression of DNMTs in mammalian oocytes and granulosa cells.

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  1. Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey

    Fatma Uysal & Saffet Ozturk

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  1. Fatma Uysal
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Correspondence to Saffet Ozturk .

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  1. Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Malgorzata Kloc

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Uysal, F., Ozturk, S. (2017). DNA Methyltransferases in Mammalian Oocytes. In: Kloc, M. (eds) Oocytes. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 63. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_10

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