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Neurodegenerative Diseases pp 317–334Cite as

Neurodegeneration and Pathology in Epilepsy: Clinical and Basic Perspectives

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Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 15))

Abstract

Epilepsy is commonly associated with a number of neurodegenerative and pathological alterations in those areas of the brain that are involved in repeated electrographic seizures. These most prominently include neuron loss and an increase in astrocyte number and size but may also include enhanced blood–brain barrier permeability, the formation of new capillaries, axonal sprouting, and central inflammation. In animal models in which seizures are either repeatedly elicited or are self-generated, a similar set of neurodegenerative and pathological alterations in brain anatomy are observed. The primary causal agent responsible for these alterations may be the cascade of events that follow a seizure and lead to an hypoperfusion/hypoxic episode. While epilepsy has long and correctly been considered an electrical disorder, the vascular system likely plays an important causal role in the neurodegeneration and pathology that occur as a consequence of repeated seizures.

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Abbreviations

GABA:

Gamma-amino-butyric acid

HS:

Hippocampal sclerosis

MFS:

Mossy fiber sprouting

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

SE:

Status epilepticus

TLE:

Temporal lobe epilepsy

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Jordan S. Farrell, Marshal D. Wolff & G. Campbell Teskey Ph.D.

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  1. Jordan S. Farrell
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  2. Marshal D. Wolff
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  3. G. Campbell Teskey Ph.D.
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Correspondence to G. Campbell Teskey Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Melbourne Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia

    Philip Beart

  2. Pediatrics and Pharmacology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael Robinson

  3. School of Life Sciences Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom

    Marcus Rattray

  4. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Nicholas J. Maragakis

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Farrell, J.S., Wolff, M.D., Teskey, G.C. (2017). Neurodegeneration and Pathology in Epilepsy: Clinical and Basic Perspectives. In: Beart, P., Robinson, M., Rattray, M., Maragakis, N. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_12

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