Organic/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Membranes

  • Palaniappan Sathish Kumar
  • Sathyamangalam Munusamy Senthil
  • Samir Kumar Pal
  • Rathanasamy Rajasekar
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

In this chapter, organic/montmorillonite nanocomposite membrane and membrane fabrication techniques are discussed. The fabrication technique, properties of the fabricated membranes, and performance are explained in detail and compared. With the addition of clay addition, important parameters which affect the membrane performance, such as crystallinity, porous structure, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, membrane charge, and surface roughness were analyzed. Despite the fact that extensive knowledge exist on membrane pore structure after clay incorporation including its surface properties and cross-section morphology by selection of appropriate fabrication methods, there is still a challenge to produce reliable membranes with antifouling properties, thermal resistance, chemical resistance, high-mechanical strength with high flux and selectivity. To ensure progress in polymer–clay membrane performance, further improvements are needed for common membrane fabrication techniques, such as solution casting, phase inversion, and interfacial polymerization. At the same time, the potential of novel fabrication techniques such as electro spinning and track-etching are also assessed. A comprehensive understanding between structure-surface properties and performance is a key for further development and progress in organic/montmorillonite membrane technology.

Keywords

Proton Conductivity Composite Membrane Nanocomposite Membrane Coagulation Bath Prepared Membrane 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

Al2O3

Aluminum oxide

AFM

Atomic force microscopy

AC

Applied current

AMPS

2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid

CA

Cellulose acetate

CH4

Methane

CS

Chitosan

CNTs

Carbon nanotubes

DCM

Dichloro methane

DMF

Dimethyl formamide

DC

Direct current

DSC

Differential scanning calorimeter

DMA

Dynamic mechanical analysis

DMDOC

Dimethyl dioctadecylammonium chloride

EDS

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

FESEM

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

FPSM

Free-path spacing measurement

FTIR

Fourier transforms infrared

HFP

Hexafluoro propylene

HNT

Halloysite nanotubes

I

Current

LiCl

Lithium chloride

MF

Microfiltration

MS

Mass spectrometer

MMMs

Mixed matrix membranes

MEA

Membrane electrode assembly

Na+

Sodium

NaAlg

Alginate

NMP

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

OMMT

Organically modified montmorillonite

OPBI

Organically modified polybenzimidazole

PVP

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

PEG

Polyethylene glycol

PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride

PAA

Poly (amic acid)

PVC

Poly (vinyl chloride)

PS

Polystyrene

PVA

Poly (vinyl alcohol)

PE

Polyethylene

PP

Polypropylene

PES

Poly (ether sulfones)

PEM

Proton exchange membrane

PEMFC

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells

PPO

Poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)

PV

Photovoltaic

PBI

Polybenzimidazole

PPA

Polyphthalamide

PINMs

Polymer-inorganic nanocomposite membranes

PLA

Poly (lactic acid)

PSf

Polysulfone

PSM

Particle size measurement

PDM

Particle density measurement

PAN

Polyacrylonitrile

PDMS

Polydimethylsiloxane

PTPE

Poly tetra fluoro ethylene

PFSI

Per fluorinated ionomers

RO

Reverse osmosis

SO3H

Sulfonic acid

SDS

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SiO2

Silicon dioxide

SEM

Scanning electron microscopy

SHI

Swift heavy ions

SAXS

Small angle X-ray scattering

SPEEK

Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)

SA

Sulfanilic acid

SHMP

Sodium hexametaphosphate

SMMT/SPSU-BP

Sulfonated montmorillonite/sulfonated poly (biphenyl ether sulfone)

TAP

Triallyl phosphate

TiO2

Titanium dioxide

TEM

Transmission electron microscopy

TGA

Thermogravimetric analysis

UF

Ultra-filtration

V

Voltage

WAXD

Wide angle X-ray diffraction

XRD

X-ray diffraction

ZrO2

Zirconium dioxide

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Palaniappan Sathish Kumar
    • 1
  • Sathyamangalam Munusamy Senthil
    • 2
  • Samir Kumar Pal
    • 1
  • Rathanasamy Rajasekar
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Mining EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurIndia
  2. 2.Department of Mechanical EngineeringKongu Engineering CollegeErodeIndia

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