Energy Harvesting from the Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Source Based on Extremum Seeking Control Schemes

  • Nicu Bizon
  • Marian Raducu
  • Luminita-Mirela Constantinescu
  • Mihai Oproescu
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Lecture Notes in Energy book series (LNEN, volume 37)

Abstract

The energy harvesting is known as the conversion process of ambient energy into usable electrical energy. The energy of the renewable and green Energy Sources (ES) is free and available without territorial restrictions. In this chapter the possibility to use the Extremum Seeking Control schemes for harvesting the solar energy via a Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Source is presented. The new ESC schemes based on a band-pass filter instead of the series combination of high-pass and low-pass filters are analyzed in order to evaluate their performance. The performance indicators used are the search speed and the tracking accuracy. The simulations performed highlight the advantages of the Extremum Seeking Control schemes based on a band-pass filter in comparison with the classical Extremum Seeking Control schemes. A Maximum Power Point tracking technique based on a modified Extremum Seeking Control slightly improves the energy efficiency of the Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Source. The advanced Extremum Seeking Control scheme reduces the power ripple, so the energy efficiency of the Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Source increases as well. The analysis of the dither persistence in the Extremum Seeking Control loop scheme shows the relations between the search speed and the derivatives of the Photovoltaic power. The ratio of these search speeds is also used as the performance indicator. Finally, the dynamical operation of the Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Source under variable irradiance profile is shown.

Keywords

Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Source (PVHPS) Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) Maximum Power Point (MPP) Search speed Tracking accuracy Energy harvesting Harmonics analysis 

Abbreviations and Acronyms

aESC

Advanced ESC

BPF

Band-pass filter

CS

Charge-sustaining

CI

Charge-increasing

CD

Charge-depletion

DG

Distributed generation

EMS

Energy management strategy

ESC

Extremum seeking control

ESS

Energy storage system

ES

Energy source

EQ

Equivalence

FW

Freewheeling diode

FC

Fuel cell

GMPP

Global MPP

HPS

Hybrid power source

HT

Hydro-turbines

HF

High frequency

hoESC

High-order ESC

HPF

High-pass filter

IC

Incremental conductance

IGBT

Insulated-gate bipolar transistor

LF

Low frequency

LPF

Low-pass filter

MEP

Maximum efficiency point

MPP

Maximum power point

MPPT

MPP tracking

mESC

Modified ESC

P&O

Perturb & observe

PV

Photovoltaic

PVHPS

Photovoltaic hybrid power source

WT

Wind turbine

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Notes

Acknowledgements

The research that led to the results shown here has received funding from the project “Cost-Efficient Data Collection for Smart Grid and Revenue Assurance (CERA-SG)”, ID: 77594, 2016-19, ERA-Net Smart Grids Plus. Some figures, tables and text are reproduced from [21, 22, 26] here with kind permission from Elsevier Limited, UK, WCST, UK, and APPEL, CZ [September 13, 2016].

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Nicu Bizon
    • 1
    • 2
  • Marian Raducu
    • 1
  • Luminita-Mirela Constantinescu
    • 1
  • Mihai Oproescu
    • 1
  1. 1.University of PitestiPitestiRomania
  2. 2.University Politehnica of BucharestBucharestRomania

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