Soil Management to Optimize Water in Rice-Wheat Cropping

  • Jagdish Singh
  • Sandeep Singh Sandhu
  • Dhanwinder Singh
  • Manjit Singh Hadda
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Sustainable Agriculture Reviews book series (SARV, volume 22)

Abstract

The shifting from maize-wheat or cotton-wheat cropping system to higher water demanding rice-wheat cropping system due to ease of cultivation and higher economic returns has led to increased pressure on surface and ground water resources for irrigation. The excess irrigation water demand is met through over-exploitation of groundwater. As a consequence groundwater table is declining. Studies have shown that efficient management could conserve the soil water varing from 10 to 30 % under different agroclimatic conditions. Both soil management practices conserving soil moisture, such as crop residue mulching, tillage, deficit irrigation; and yield enhancing management practices such as improved or balanced fertilization, use of manures; can increase yield up to 20–30 % and have potential for improvement of water productivity. Management practices recommended to reduce water input and enhance water productivity include alternate wetting and drying in rice, soil matric potential based irrigation scheduling, irrigation scheduling on the basis of cumulative pan evaporation, direct seeded rice, planting rice and wheat on raised beds, zero till wheat and proper land leveling. These management interventions save input water in the range of 3–30 %.

Keywords

Water productivity Mulching Direct seeded rice Raised bed planting Tensiometer Laser land leveling Balanced fertilization 
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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jagdish Singh
    • 1
    • 2
  • Sandeep Singh Sandhu
    • 3
  • Dhanwinder Singh
    • 2
  • Manjit Singh Hadda
    • 2
  1. 1.School of Climate Change and Agricultural MeteorologyPunjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia
  2. 2.Department of Soil SciencePunjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia
  3. 3.Department of AgronomyPunjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia

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