Biphasic Dose–Response Phenomenon Induced by Xenobiotics and Its Application in Soil Risk Assessment

  • Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
  • Adeel Mehmood
  • Sohaib Khan
  • Ahmad Hasnain
  • Zulkifl Ahmed
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Soil Biology book series (SOILBIOL, volume 49)

Abstract

Biphasic dose–response phenomenon termed as hormesis is a low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition to chemical of interest to certain end points. For ecotoxicological risk assessment and medical point of view, hormesis has the potential to change the field of toxicology in a broad range. The present chapter provides information regarding hormetic responses induced by soil xenobiotics and foreigner chemicals. The chapter describes how soil xenobiotics at a low dose show stimulatory responses while at higher doses are inhibitory. Moreover, the potential underlying mechanisms were discussed and suggest that different hormetic mechanisms may exist for different end points. Ecological/ecotoxicological risk assessment is an iterative process, a framework providing a basis for eventual risk management which consists of three tiers: problem formulation or hazard assessment, effects and exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Xenobiotic-induced biphasic dose–response applications in soil risk assessment were also discussed, which suggested that hormetic model is more effective in risk assessment than threshold or nonlinear threshold model. The chapter will provide information to university students, researchers, and management authorities for the application of hormetic model in risk assessment practices.

Keywords

Ecological Risk Assessment Constitutive Androstane Receptor Biphasic Dose Biphasic Dose Response Response Phenomenon 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes

Acknowledgement

The research was funded by TWAS-COMSTECH Research Grant Award_15-384 RG/ENG/AS_C and HEC Start Up Research grant 21-700/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2015.

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
    • 1
  • Adeel Mehmood
    • 2
  • Sohaib Khan
    • 3
  • Ahmad Hasnain
    • 4
  • Zulkifl Ahmed
    • 5
  1. 1.Department of MeteorologyCOMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
  2. 2.Department of Environmental SciencesGovernment College Women UniversitySialkotPakistan
  3. 3.Department of AnthropologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
  4. 4.Department of GeographyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
  5. 5.Department of Building and Architecture EngineeringBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan

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