Porocarcinoma

  • Luis Requena
  • Omar Sangüeza
Chapter

Abstract

Most cases of porocarcinoma are located in the lower limbs of elderly patients.

Porocarcinomas show the architectural features of a malignant neoplasm, with neoplastic aggregations composed of poroid and cuticular cells. Poroid cells are the predominant neoplastic cells, and the few cuticular cells are seen around small ductal structures.

Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated positivity of CEA and EMA in the ductal formations, while neoplastic cells express positivity for various types of cytokeratins, BerEp4, and Leu-M1.

Epidermotropism is frequent in cutaneous metastases from porocarcinoma.

Porocarcinomas often produced regional lymph node metastasis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Smith JLS, Coburn JG. Hidroacanthoma simplex. An assessment of a selected group of intraepidermal basal cell epitheliomata and their malignant homologues. Br J Dermatol. 1956;68:400–18.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Pinkus H, Mehregan AH. Epidermotropic eccrine carcinoma. A case combining features of eccrine poroma and Paget’s dermatosis. Arch Dermatol. 1963;88:597–606.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Miller W. Sweat gland carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1967;6:767–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 5.
    Mishima Y, Morioka S. Oncogenic differentiation in the intraepidermal eccrine sweat duct: eccrine poroma, poroepithelioma and porocarcinoma. Dermatologica. 1969;138:238–50.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 6.
    Ishikawa K. Malignant hidroacanthoma simplex. Arch Dermatol. 1971;104:529–32.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 14.
    Gschnait F, Horn F, Lindlbauer R, et al. Eccrine porocarcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1980;7:349–53.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 15.
    Turner JJ, Maxwell L, Bursle GA. Eccrine porocarcinoma: a case report with light microscopy and ultrastructure. Pathology. 1982;14:469–75.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 16.
    Zina AM, Bundino S, Pippione MG. Pigmented hidroacanthoma simplex with porocarcinoma. Light and electron microscopic study of a case. J Cutan Pathol. 1982;9:104–12.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 18.
    Kitamura K, Kinehara M, Tamura N, Nakamura K. Hidroacanthoma simplex with invasive growth. Cutis. 1983;32:83–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 19.
    Darley CR, Pegum JS, Pollock DJ. Epidermotropic eccrine carcinoma. J R Soc Med. 1983;76:616–8.PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  11. 21.
    Bottles K, Sagebiel RW, McNutt NS, Jensen B, Devency K. Malignant eccrine poroma. Case report and review of the literature. Cancer. 1984;53:1579–85.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 22.
    Moreno A, Salvatella N, Guix M, Listabella E, de Moragas JM. Malignant hidroacanthoma simplex: a light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of two cases. Dermatologica. 1984;163:161–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 23.
    Friedland M, Bajracharya A, Arlin Z. Malignant eccrine poroma and isotretinoin. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:614.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 24.
    Tarkhan II, Domingo J. Metastasizing eccrine porocarcinoma developing in a sebaceus nevus of Jadassohn. Arch Dermatol. 1985;121:413–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 25.
    Dekort W. Eccrine porocarcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 1985;112:227–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 26.
    Wick MR, Goellner JR, Wolfe JT. Adnexal carcinomas of the skin. I Eccrine carcinomas. Cancer. 1985;56:1147–62.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 27.
    Rufflieux C, Ramelet A. Porocarcinome eccrine. Dermatologica. 1985;170:202–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 28.
    Vilmer C, Le Doussal V, Texier J, Pallud C, Hebert H, Cavel B. Poromes eccrines malins. Etude de deux cas avec examen ultrastructural. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1985;112:67–71.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 31.
    Galadari E, Mehregan AH, Lee KC. Malignant transformation of eccrine tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 1987;14:15–22.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 32.
    Swanson PE, Cherwitz DL, Neumann MP, et al. Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1987;14:65–86.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. 34.
    Doring HF, Seifert HW. Ekkrines porokarzinoma (malignes ekkrines porom)-eine verlaufsbeobachtung. Z Hautkr. 1987;14:1051–5.Google Scholar
  22. 36.
    Requena L, Sanchez M, Aguilar A, Ambrojo P, Sanchez Yus E. Periungual porocarcinoma. Dermatologica. 1990;180:177–80.Google Scholar
  23. 37.
    Akiyoshi E, Nogita T, Yamaguchi R, Toyoda H, Kawashima M, Hidano A. Eccrine porocarcinoma. Dermatologica. 1991;182:239–42.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 38.
    Landa NG, Winkelmann RK. Epidermotropic eccrine porocarcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:27–31.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 39.
    Snow SN, Reizner GT. Eccrine porocarcinoma of the face. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;27:306–11.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. 41.
    Requena L, Sarasa JL, Piqué E, Fariña MC, Olivares M, Martín L. Clear-cell porocarcinoma. Another cutaneous marker of diabetes mellitus. Am J Dermatopathol. 1997;19:540–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. 43.
    Holden CA, Shaw M, McKee PH, et al. Loss of membrane beta-2-microglobulin in eccrine porocarcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 1984;120:732–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. 44.
    Kolde G, Macher E, Grundmann E. Metastasizing eccrine porocarcinoma. Report of two cases with fatal outcome. Pathol Res Pract. 1991;187:477–81.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. 45.
    Misago N, Toda S, Hikichi Y, Iyadomi M, Kohda H. A unique case of extramammary Paget’s disease. Derivation from eccrine porocarcinoma? Am J Dermatopathol. 1992;14:553–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. 46.
    van Gorp J, van der Putte SC. Periungual eccrine porocarcinoma. Dermatology. 1993;187:67–70.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. 47.
    Langfritz K, Grabbe S, Kovacs G, Potter R, Kolde G. Metastasierendes ekkrines Porokarzinom. Hautarzt. 1993;44:176–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. 49.
    Wollina U, Castelli E, Rulke D. Immunohistochemistry of eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma – more than acrosyringeal tumors? Recent Results Cancer Res. 1995;139:303–16.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. 50.
    Ujihara M, Hamanaka S, Hamanaka Y, Kamei T. A case of multiple eccrine porocarcinoma with stepping-stone distribution on the foot. J Dermatol. 1995;22:450–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. 51.
    Hara K, Kamiya S. Pigmented eccrine porocarcinoma: a mimic of malignant melanoma. Histopathology. 1995;27:86–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. 52.
    Tateyama H, Eimoto T, Tada T, Inagaki H, Nakamura T, Yamauchi R. p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma. an immunohistochemical study. Am J Dermatopathol. 1995;17:457–64.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. 53.
    Hamanaka S, Otsuka F. Multiple malignant eccrine poroma and a linear epidermal nevus. J Dermatol. 1996;23:469–71.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. 54.
    D’Amato MS, Patterson RH, Guccion JG, White JC, Krasnow SH. Porocarcinoma of the heel. A case report with unusual histologic features. Cancer. 1996;78:751–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. 55.
    Katsanis WA, Doering DL, Bosscher JR, O’Connor DM. Vulvar eccrine porocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 1996;62:396–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. 56.
    Huet P, Dandurand M, Pignodel C, Guillot B. Metastasizing eccrine porocarcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;35:860–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. 57.
    Hagler J, Trattner A, Nativ O, Hauben DJ, David M. Benign and malignant eccrine poroma – a flow cytometric comparison. Isr J Med Sci. 1996;32:1151–3.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. 58.
    Barzi AS, Ruggeri S, Recchia F, Bertoldi I. Malignant metastatic eccrine poroma. Proposal for a new therapeutic protocol. Dermatol Surg. 1997;23:267–72.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. 60.
    Boynton JR, Markowitch Jr W. Porocarcinoma of the eyelid. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1626–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. 62.
    Nakanishi Y, Matsuno Y, Shimoda T, Wada T, Yamazaki N, Yamamoto A, Hirohashi S. Eccrine porocarcinoma with melanocyte colonization. Br J Dermatol. 1998;138:519–21.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. 63.
    Grimme H, Petres A, Bergen E, Wiemers S, Schopf E, Vanscheidt W. Metastasizing porocarcinoma of the head with lethal outcome. Dermatology. 1999;198:298–300.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. 65.
    Wittenberg GP, Robertson DB, Solomon AR, Washington CV. Eccrine porocarcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery: a report of five cases. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25:911–3.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. 66.
    Takata M, Hashimoto K, Mehregan P, Lee MW, Yamamoto A, Mohri S, Ohara K, Takehara K. Genetic changes in sweat gland carcinomas. J Cutan Pathol. 2000;27:30–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. 67.
    Plunkett TA, Hanby AM, Miles DW, Rubens RD. Metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma: response to docetaxel (Taxotere) chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2001;12:411–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. 68.
    Akalin T, Sen S, Yuceturk A, Kandiloglu G. p53 protein expression in eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2001;23:402–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. 69.
    Rutten A, Requena L, Requena C. Clear-cell porocarcinoma in situ: a cytologic variant of porocarcinoma in situ. Am J Dermatopathol. 2002;24:67–71.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  50. 70.
    Ghislain P, Marot L, Tennstedt D, Lachapelle JM. Porocarcinome eccrine avec large extension metastatique de voisinage. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2002;129:225–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. 71.
    Gu LH, Ichiki Y, Kitajima Y. Aberrant expression of p 16 and RB protein in eccrine porocarcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2002;29:473–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. 72.
    Mahomed F, Blok J, Grayson W. The squamous variant of eccrine porocarcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 21 cases. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61:361–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. 73.
    Goh SG, Dayrit JF, Calonje E. Sarcomatoid eccrine porocarcinoma: report of two cases and a review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34:55–60.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  54. 74.
    Kazakov DV, Kutzner H, Spagnolo DV, Kempf W, Zelger B, Mukensnabl P, Michal M. Sebaceous differentiation in poroid neoplasms: report of 11 cases, including a case of metaplastic carcinoma associated with apocrine poroma (sarcomatoid apocrine. porocarcinoma). Am J Dermatopathol. 2008;30:21–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  55. 75.
    Claudy AL, Garcier F, Kanitakis J. Eccrine porocarcinoma. Ultrastructural and immunological study. J Dermatol. 1984;11:282–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  56. 76.
    Ishida M, Hotta M, Kushima R, Okabe H. A case of porocarcinoma arising in pigmented hidroacanthoma simplex with multiple lymph node, liver and bone metastases. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38:227–31.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  57. 77.
    Dewan P, Moir G, Cerio R, Harwood C. Aggressive eccrine porocarcinoma associated with haematological disorders: report of two cases. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010;35:e207–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  58. 78.
    Adegboyega PA. Eccrine porocarcinoma of the vulva: a case report and review of literature. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2011;30:95–100.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  59. 79.
    Afshar M, Deroide F, Robson A. BerEP4 is widely expressed in tumors of the sweat apparatus: a source of potential diagnostic error. J Cutan Pathol. 2013;40:259–64.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  60. 80.
    Mahalingam M, Richards JE, Selim MA, Muzikansky A, Hoang MP. An immunohistochemical comparison of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 15, cytokeratin 19, CAM 5.2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and nestin in differentiating porocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2012;43:1265–72.Google Scholar
  61. 81.
    Kutty A, Harper F, Akhras V. Treatment of multiple bilateral primary eccrine porocarcinoma with topical diphencyprone: a case report. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:1159–61.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  62. 82.
    Kurashige Y, Minemura T, Nagatani T. Eccrine porocarcinoma: clinical and pathological report of eight cases. Case Rep Dermatol. 2013;5:259–66.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  63. 83.
    Skowron F, Poulhalon N, Balme B, Touzet S, Thomas L. Etude clinique et histopronostique de 50 cas de porocarcinome eccrine. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2014;141:258–64.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  64. 84.
    Riera-Leal L, Guevara-Gutiérrez E, Barrientos-García JG, Madrigal-Kasem R, Briseño-Rodríguez G, Tlacuilo-Parra A. Eccrine porocarcinoma: epidemiologic and histopathologic characteristics. Int J Dermatol. 2015;54:580–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  65. 85.
    Shaw M, Mckee P, Lowe D, et al. Malignant eccrine poroma: a study of 27 cases. Br J Dermatol. 1982;107:675–80.Google Scholar
  66. 86.
    Mehregan AH, Hashimoto K, Rahbari H. Eccrine adenocarcinoma. A clinico-pathologic study of 35 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119:104–14.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  67. 87.
    Poiares Baptista A, Tellechea O, Reis JP, Cunha MF, Figueiredo P. Porocarcinome ecrine. Revue de 24 cas. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1993;120:107–15.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  68. 88.
    Robson A, Greene J, Ansari N, Kim B, Seed PT, McKee PH, Calonje E. Eccrine porocarcinoma (malignant eccrine poroma): a clinicopathologic study of 69 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:710–20.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Luis Requena
    • 1
  • Omar Sangüeza
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of DermatologyFundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad AutónomaMadridSpain
  2. 2.Department of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemUSA

Personalised recommendations