Bone Disorders with Brain and Behavioral Conditions

  • Christina V. Oleson
  • Tracy E. Ransom
  • Akinpelumi A. Beckley
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

In the past decades, traumatic brain injury (TBI) was more common among younger adults due to motor vehicle accidents, violence, and sports-related injuries. Over the last 10–15 years, the percentage of older individuals experiencing TBI has been steadily rising, primarily due to falls. Older Americans experiencing TBI may be at particular risk for fractures given cognitive deficits, ataxia, and impulsivity that may occur in this condition. Even younger individuals experiencing TBI have risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, including physical and functional immobility; medications to control behavior, headaches, seizures, or pain; posttraumatic seizures; and poor overall nutrition. The preceding factors are compounded by the fact that a substantial number of younger adults with TBI have partially treated or untreated and unrecognized depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. This chapter will also consider the relation between osteoporosis and such psychiatric disorders as autism, bipolar and borderline personality disorders, depression, and schizophrenia.

Keywords

Bone Mineral Density Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Traumatic Brain Injury Bone Health 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Christina V. Oleson
    • 1
  • Tracy E. Ransom
    • 2
  • Akinpelumi A. Beckley
    • 3
  1. 1.Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUSA
  2. 2.Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThomas Jefferson University/Magee Rehabilitation HospitalPhiladelphiaUSA
  3. 3.Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUSA

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