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Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer pp 109–122Cite as

MicroRNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 937))

Abstract

Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA (including microRNA) associated gene silencing have been identified as a major characteristic in human cancers. These alterations may occur more frequently than genetic mutations and play a key role in silencing tumor suppressor genes or activating oncogenes, thereby affecting multiple cellular processes. In recent years, studies have shown that microRNAs, that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression are frequently deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), via aberrant DNA methylation. Over the past decade, technological advances have revolutionized the field of epigenetics and have led to the identification of numerous epigenetically dysregulated miRNAs in CRC, which are regulated by CpG island hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation. In addition, aberrant DNA methylation of miRNA genes holds a great promise in several clinical applications such as biomarkers for early screening, prognosis, and therapeutic applications in CRC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

    Sippy Kaur & Riitta Seppänen-Kaijansinkko

  2. Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Johanna E. Lotsari-Salomaa & Päivi Peltomäki

Authors
  1. Sippy Kaur
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  2. Johanna E. Lotsari-Salomaa
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  3. Riitta Seppänen-Kaijansinkko
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  4. Päivi Peltomäki
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Correspondence to Sippy Kaur .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Ondrej Slaby

  2. Department of Experimental Therapeutics Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    George A. Calin

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Kaur, S., Lotsari-Salomaa, J.E., Seppänen-Kaijansinkko, R., Peltomäki, P. (2016). MicroRNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer. In: Slaby, O., Calin, G. (eds) Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 937. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_6

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