Birds Don’t Fly

  • Michael Hauskeller
Chapter

Abstract

does it mean to be human? Is there something like the human essence, something that we all have in common and that defines what we are? And will our radically enhanced descendants of the future still be humans—better humans no doubt, but still preserving the same human essence—or will they rather be emphatically post-human?"?>This chapter is a reflection on what it means to be human and whether there is a human essence: something that we have all in common and that defines what we are. Guided by the question whether our radically enhanced descendants of the future will still be human, more than human, or perhaps even truly human, Hauskeller argues that the term “human” has no fixed meaning and is primarily used as a ‘nomen dignitatis’ – a dignity-conferring name, implying a particular moral status. Definitions of the human are revealed as inevitably “persuasive”, telling us about what is important and how we should live our lives as humans, and thus help us to make sense of what we are.

Keywords

Human Nature Moral Status Cognitive Enhancement Human Soul Good Human 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Bibliography

  1. Agar, Nicholas (2013) “Why it is possible to enhance moral status and why doing so is wrong”, Journal of Medical Ethics 39: 67–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Aquinas, Thomas (1980), ed. Charles H. Lohr, Scriptum super Sententiis, Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
  3. Borges, Jorge Luis (1962) Labyrinths, New York: New Directions Publishing.Google Scholar
  4. Boswell, James (1924) Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D., ed. R.W. Chapman, London.Google Scholar
  5. Carlyle, Thomas (1908) Sartor Resartus, London: Everyman’s Library.Google Scholar
  6. ——— (1970) The Collected Letters of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle, vol. 1, Durham, NC.Google Scholar
  7. Diogenes Laertius (1958) Lives of Eminent Philosophers, London: William Heinemann/Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
  8. Dupre, John (2001) Human Nature and the Limits of Science, Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Fudge, Erica (2006) Brutal Reasoning. Animals, Rationality, and Humanity in Early Modern England, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
  10. Frye, Northrop (1957) Anatomy of Criticism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
  11. Hauskeller, Michael (2016) “Topsyturvy – Jonathan Swift on Human Nature, Reason, and Morality”, in Janelle Poetzsch, Jonathan Swift and Philosophy (in press).Google Scholar
  12. Hull, David (1998) “On Human Nature”, in: The Philosophy of Biology, eds. David Hull and Michael Rose, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 383–397.Google Scholar
  13. Jonas, Hans (1985) “Werkzeug, Bild und Grab“, Scheidewege 15: 85–112.Google Scholar
  14. Kitcher, Philip (1985) Vaulting Ambition, Cambridge, MA, London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
  15. Locke, John (1823) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, in The Works of John Locke. A New Edition, Corrected. In Ten Volumes, vol. II, London 1823.Google Scholar
  16. Marks, Jonathan (2009) “The Nature of Humanness”, in Oxford Handbook of Archaelogy, eds. Chris Gosden, Barry Cunliffe and Rosemary A. Joyce, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 237–53.Google Scholar
  17. Nelkin, Dorothy, and Susan Lindee (1995) The DNA Mystique: The Gene as a Cultural Icon, New York: Freeman.Google Scholar
  18. Noonan, John T. junior (1993) “An Almost Absolute Value in History”, in: Arguing About Abortion, ed. Lewis M. Shwartz, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 51–59.Google Scholar
  19. Pico della Mirandola (1985) On the Dignity of Man, On Being and the One, Heptaplus, New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
  20. Robert, Jason Scott, and Francoise Baylis (2003), “Crossing Species Boundaries”, The American Journal of Bioethics 3/3: 1–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Scottish Council on Human Bioethics (2006) ‘Embryonic, Fetal and Post-natal Animal-Human Mixtures: An Ethical Discussion’, Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics 12/2: 35–60.Google Scholar
  22. Smith, John Maynard (1998) “Science and Myth”, in: The Philosophy of Biology, eds. David L. Hull and Michael Ruse, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 374–382.Google Scholar
  23. Stevenson, Charles Leslie (1938) “Persuasive Definitions”, Mind 47: 331–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Stock, Gregory (2003) Redesigning Humans, London: Profile Books.Google Scholar
  25. Symons, Michael (2000) A History of Cooks and Cooking, Urbana/Chicago.Google Scholar
  26. Wells, Herbert George (1921) The Island of Dr. Moreau, London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
  27. Wilson, Edward O. (1978) On Human Nature, Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
  28. Wright, W.D. (1998) Racism Matters, Westport, Connecticut/London: Praeger.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Michael Hauskeller
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Sociology, Philosophy and AnthropologyUniversity of ExeterExeterUK

Personalised recommendations