Abstract
Investigating the potential biological basis of age-related differences in outcome for AYA with cancer could lead to a better understanding of the biology, facilitate the development of new diagnostic and predictive markers, and identify novel therapeutic targets and treatment approaches for AYA patients. The evidence that cancers in AYA patients may differ biologically from those in older and younger populations includes data from numerous laboratories. However, much of this evidence is preliminary, and large comprehensive studies to confirm and validate these findings are only now beginning to get underway. Indeed, there may be substantial differences in biological and molecular features between different age groups even within the population of AYA patients with a specific cancer type. If age is a good surrogate for a unique tumor biology associated with AYA cancers, then studies of cancers in AYA patients will almost certainly illuminate alternative tumorigenic pathways and will also likely benefit patients in other age groups whose tumors exhibit similar biological/molecular features. The biologic, molecular, and clinical features of five AYA cancers (colon, breast, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, melanoma, and sarcoma) are highlighted in this chapter, and the current state of research for each of them is examined. What will be required to better diagnose, treat, and predict response in patients with AYA cancer is also discussed.
Keywords
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Synovial Sarcoma
- Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
- Ewing Sarcoma
- Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Acknowledgments
Cary K. Anders, M.D.
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Hematology Oncology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Donald G. Blair, Ph.D.
Division of Cancer Biology
National Cancer Institute
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Lisa A. Boardman, M.D.
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
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Rochester, MN 55906
Brandon Hayes-Lattin, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Associate Professor of Medicine
Medical Director, Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology Program
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Knight Cancer Institute
Oregon Health and Science University
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Portland, OR 97239
Stephan P. Hunger, M.D.
Chief, Division of Oncology
Director, Center for Childhood Cancer Research
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
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Javed Khan, M.D.
Deputy Chief, Genetics Branch
Center for Cancer Research
National Cancer Institute
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Shivaani Kummar, M.D.
Professor of Medicine
Director, Phase I Clinical Research ProgramStanford University School of Medicine
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Melinda Merchant, M.D., Ph.D.
Center for Cancer Research
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Nita L. Seibel, M.D.
Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program
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Magdalena Thurin, Ph.D.
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Cheryl Willman, M.D.
The Maurice and Marguerite Liberman Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research
Professor of Pathology
University of New Mexico School of Medicine Director and CEO
University of New Mexico Cancer Center
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Tricoli, J.V., Bleyer, A., Anninga, J., Barr, R. (2017). The Biology of AYA Cancers. In: Bleyer, A., Barr, R., Ries, L., Whelan, J., Ferrari, A. (eds) Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33679-4_3
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