The Death of the Witness in the Era of Testimony: Primo Levi and Georges Perec

Chapter

Abstract

This chapter examines the role of the witness as a narrator, writer, and historian through a comparison of the writings and testimony of Primo Levi and those of Georges Perec. Despite the significant differences between the two, which cannot be ignored, both Levi and Perec focus on the role and the ability of the witness to provide authentic testimony. Based upon this comparison between Levi’s testimony and that of Perec, I argue that the very fact that we are in an era of testimony in which the witness is also his own historian means that there are no innocent “uncontaminated” witnesses. Moreover, I attempt to show that Levi and Perec, each in his own way, propose an authentic model for bearing witness.

Keywords

Witness Primo Levi Georges Perec History Literature 

References

  1. Ataria, Y. (2013). Traumatic silence [Hebrew]. History & Theory: The Protocols, 29, http://bezalel.secured.co.il/8/ataria29.htm.
  2. Ataria, Y. (2014a). Acute Peritraumatic Dissociation: In Favor of a Phenomenological Inquiry. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15(3), 332–347. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2013.853722.
  3. Ataria, Y. (2014b). Traumatic memories as black holes: A qualitative-phenomenological approach. Qualitative Psychology, 1(2), 123–140. doi: 10.1037/qup0000009.
  4. Ataria, Y. (2014c). Trauma as a Black Hole in the Heart of Culture [Hebrew]. Ma’arag, 5, 239–270.Google Scholar
  5. Bellos, D. (1993). Georges Perec: A life in words. Boston: David R. Godine.Google Scholar
  6. Belpoliti, M. (Ed.). (2001). The voice of memory: interviews 1961–1987. (R. Gordon, Trans.) New York: New Press.Google Scholar
  7. Brewin, C. R. (2007). Autobiographical memory for trauma: Update on four controversies. Memory, 15(3), 227–48. doi: 10.1080/09658210701256423.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Caruth, C. (Ed.). (1995). Trauma: Explorations in memory. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
  9. Caruth, C. (1996). Unclaimed experience: Trauma, narrative, and history. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
  10. Douglass, A., & Vogler, T. A. (2003). Introduction. In A. Douglass & T. A. Vogler (Eds.), Witness and memory: the discourse of trauma (pp. 1–53). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
  11. Felman, S., & Laub, D. (1992). Testimony: Crises of witnessing in literature, psychoanalysis, and history. Florence, KY: Taylor & Frances/Routledge.Google Scholar
  12. Freud, S. (1939). Moses and monotheism. (K. Jones, Trans.) New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
  13. Friedländer, S. (2007). The years of extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945. New York, NY: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
  14. Reflections of Nazism: an essay on Kitsch and death /Saul Friedlander; translated from the French by Thomas Weyr. New York: Harper and Row, 1984.Google Scholar
  15. Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377–391. doi: 10.1002/jts.2490050305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Huizinga, J. (1959). The Task of Cultural History. In J. S. Holmes, & H. van Marle (Eds.), Men and Ideas (pp. 17-76). New York.Google Scholar
  17. LaCapra, D. (2001). Writing history, writing trauma. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
  18. Langer, L. (1991). Holocaust testimonies: The ruins of memory. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
  19. Laub, D. (1995). Truth and Testimony: The Process and the Struggle. In C. Caruth (Ed.), Trauma: Explorations in memory (pp. 61–45). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
  20. Levi, P. (1959). If this is a man. (S. Woolf, Trans.) New York: The Orion Press.Google Scholar
  21. Levi, P. (1993). The drowned and the saved. (R. Rosenthal, Trans.) London: Abacus.Google Scholar
  22. Loftus, E. (1993). The reality of repressed memories. American Psychologist, 48, 560–572.Google Scholar
  23. Loftus, E. (2003). Our changeable memories: legal and practical implications. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, 231–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Luckhurst, R. (2008). The trauma question. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
  25. Myers, C. (1940). Shell shock in France 1914-18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
  26. Nadel, L., & Jacobs, W. J. (1998). Traumatic memory is special. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 154–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Nijenhuis, E., van der Hart, O., & Steele, K. (2010). Trauma-related Structural Dissociation of the Personality. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 52(1), 1–23.Google Scholar
  28. Nora, P. (1989). Between Memory and History. Representations, 26, 7–24. http://www.timeandspace.lviv.ua/files/session/Nora_105.pdf.
  29. Peace, K. A., Porter, S., & ten Brinke, L. (2008). Are memories for sexually traumatic events “special”? A within-subjects investigation of trauma and memory in a clinical sample. Memory, 16(1), 10–21. doi: 10.1080/09658210701363583.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Perec, G. (2003). W, or, the memory of childhood. (D. Bellos, Trans.) Boston: David R. Godine.Google Scholar
  31. Popper, K. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
  32. Porter, S., & Birt, A. R. (2001). Is traumatic memory special? A comparison of traumatic memory characteristics with memory for other emotional life experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15(7), 101–117. doi: 10.1002/acp.766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Schacter, D. (2001). The seven sins of memory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
  34. Seltzer, M. (1997). Wound culture: Trauma in the pathological public sphere. October, 80, 3–26.Google Scholar
  35. Semprun, J. (1998). Literature or life. New York: Penguin Books. Trans. Linda Coverdale.Google Scholar
  36. Shobe, K. K., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1997). Is traumatic memory special? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 70–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Stone, L. (1979). The Revival of Narrative: Reflections on a New Old History. Past & Present, 85, 3–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Terr, L. (1984). Time and Trauma. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 39, 633–665.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E., Steele, K., & Brown, D. (2004). Trauma-related dissociation: conceptual clarity lost and found. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 906–914. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2004.01480.x.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. van der Kolk, B. A., Perry, C., & Herman, J. L. (1991). Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(12), 1665–1671. doi: 10.1176/ajp.148.12.1665.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Wilkomirski, B. (1996). Fragments: Memories of a wartime childhood. (C. B. Janeway, Trans.) New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
  42. Žižek, S. (2003). The puppet and the dwarf: The perverse core of Christianity. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of NeurobiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRechovotIsrael

Personalised recommendations