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Utilization of Biomaterials as Soil Amendments and Crop Protection Agents in Integrated Nematode Management

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Plant, Soil and Microbes

Abstract

Phytonematodes, or plant-parasitic nematodes, are considered to be among the most important economic pathogens around the world. Certain methods have been developed and used to manage plant-parasitic nematodes, with varying levels of success, but chemical control certainly was and remains the most common approach. However, at the same time, because of the adverse effects of chemical pesticides, it was necessary to find alternative substances that could be used in integrated management programs. One of these alternatives is the use of biomaterials, which have attracted the attention of researchers, who have examined their use as soil amendments. Marine organisms, which are plentiful natural sources of chitin and came directly after cellulose, have proved highly effective in fighting phytonematodes under certain conditions. On the other hand, mushrooms are a macro fungus and have been cultivated in China since ancient times and used for therapeutic and nutritional purposes. Furthermore, in the past three decades, many reports have shown that both mushrooms and spent mushrooms have nematicidal effects on various genera of plant-parasitic nematodes. Strategies that, depending on the soil, make use of natural materials, especially chitin, chitinous materials, mushrooms, and spent mushrooms, have been very successful. The application of these materials to soil increases microorganism proliferation and promotes the release of certain compounds that have antagonistic effects on plant nematodes.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Abdel Fattah S. A. Saad, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Basha, Alexandria University, for his support and assistance. Deep thanks go to Dr. Amr Ali El-Sherbiny, Nematology Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt, for discussing his recent research. Also, many thanks go to Dr. Sherin Fadel Awed Allah, Director of the Mushroom Production Unit, Nematology Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt, for providing valuable data.

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  1. Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt

    Mohamed S. Khalil

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  1. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  2. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

  3. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah

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Khalil, M.S. (2016). Utilization of Biomaterials as Soil Amendments and Crop Protection Agents in Integrated Nematode Management. In: Hakeem, K., Akhtar, M., Abdullah, S. (eds) Plant, Soil and Microbes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3_11

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