Generalized Nets in Medicine: An Example of Telemedicine for People with Diabetes

Maria Stefanova-Pavlova; Velin Andonov; Violeta Tasseva; Antoaneta Gateva; Elissaveta Stefanova

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26302-1_20

Imprecision and Uncertainty in Information Representation and Processing pp 327-357 | Cite as

Generalized Nets in Medicine: An Example of Telemedicine for People with Diabetes

Authors
Authors and affiliations

Maria Stefanova-PavlovaEmail author
Velin Andonov
Violeta Tasseva
Antoaneta Gateva
Elissaveta Stefanova

Chapter

First Online: 23 December 2015

Part of the Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing book series (STUDFUZZ, volume 332)

Abstract

In the present paper, an overview of the Generalized Nets (GNs) models in medicine and telecare/telehealth is given. The apparatus of GNs has been used in the modelling of physiological processes, diagnostics of diseases, organisational and administrative processes in hospitals. Recently, in a series of papers, GNs have been used to model telecare/telehealth services. On the basis of these models, a GN model of telemedicine for patients with diabetes is proposed. The sensors included in the model are blood pressure monitor, weight scale, pulse oximeter and blood glucose monitor. Smart filtering of false positive alarm messages is included which reduces the number of events for which the health care person has to take a decision. The GN model can be used to develop a decision support tool for telemedicine for people with diabetes.

Keywords

Health Care Service Diabetic Ketoacidosis Discrete Event Simulation Patient Flow Current Patient

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, to check access.

Appendix: Short Remark on Generalized Nets

GNs [5, 9] are extensions of Petri Nets [73]. They are defined in a way that is principally different from the ways of defining the other types of Petri nets. We shall first give an example of a GN and make remarks about the notation. A GN is shown in Fig. 2. The places are marked with

. Each part of the net which looks like the one shown on Fig. 3., is called transition (more precisely graphic structure of transition). Transition’s conditions are denoted by

. GNs, like other nets, contain tokens which are transferred from place to place. Every token enters the net with an initial characteristic. During each transfer, the token receives new characteristics. So, they accumulate their “history”. This is the first essential difference with the other types of Petri nets.

Every GN-place has at most one arc entering and at most one arc leaving it. The places with no entering arcs are called input places for the net $(l_{1}, l_{2}$ on Fig. 2.) and those with no leaving arcs are called output places$(l_{14}$ and $l_{15}$ on Fig. 2.). The input places are always at the transition’s left, and the output places are always at the transition’s right side. When tokens enter the input place of a transition, it becomes potentially fireable and at the moment of their transfer towards the transition’s output places, it is being fired. The transition becomes active at a given time-moment and remains active up to another predefined moment.

The second basic difference between GNs and the ordinary Petri nets is the “place—transition” relation. Here, transitions are objects of a more complex nature. A transition may contain m input and n output places where $m, n \ge 1$.

The third basic difference is related to the time during which the GN functions. The time can be determined from some global time-scale and in this case the net is not invariant about the time-parameters. When we have GN models of some (different, but connected) processes that flow in parallel at time, we can use many time-scales or a single one, accounting the moments of the separate events in the processes. In the present form of the GN-definition, time is discrete. It increases with discrete steps. We can see the status of the GN model in each current time-moment.

Formally, every transition is described by a seven-tuple:

$$ Z = \langle L', L'', t_{1}, t_{2}, r, M, \Box \rangle , $$

where:

(a) $L'$ and $L''$ are finite, non-empty sets of places (the transition’s input and output places, respectively); for the transition in Fig. 3 these are

$$ L'=\lbrace l'_{1},l'_{2},\dots ,l'_{m}\rbrace $$

and

$$ L''= \lbrace l''_{1},l''_{2},\dots ,l''_{n} \rbrace ; $$

(b) $t_{1}$ is the current time-moment of the transition’s firing;

(c) $t_{2}$ is the current value of the duration of its active state;

(d) r is the transition’s condition determining which tokens will transfer from the transition’s inputs to its outputs. Parameter r has the form of an IM:

$$r=\begin{array}{c|c} &{} l''_{1} \dots l''_{j} \dots l''_{n} \\ \hline l'_{1} &{} \\ \vdots &{} r_{i,j} \\ l'_{i} &{} (r_{i,j} \, \, - \text{ predicate }) \\ \vdots &{} (1 \le i \le m, 1 \le j \le n) \\ l'_{m} &{} \end{array} \,\,; $$

where $r_{i,j}$ is the predicate which expresses the condition for transfer from the ith input place to the jth output place. When $r_{i,j}$ has truth-value “true”, then a token from the ith input place can be transferred to the jth output place; otherwise, this is impossible;

(e) M is an IM of the capacities of transition’s arcs:

$$M=\begin{array}{c|c} &{} l''_{1} \dots l''_{j} \dots l''_{n} \\ \hline l'_{1} &{} \\ \vdots &{} m_{i,j} \\ l'_{i} &{} (m_{i,j} \ge 0 - \text{ natural } \text{ number } \text{ or } \infty ) \\ \vdots &{} (1 \le i \le m, 1 \le j \le n) \\ l'_{m} &{} \\ \end{array} \, \,; $$

(f) $\Box $ is called transition type and it is an object having a form similar to a Boolean expression. It may contain as variables the symbols that serve as labels for transition’s input places, and it is an expression constructed of variables and the Boolean connectives $\wedge $ and $\vee $ determining the following conditions:

$$ \begin{array}{lcl} \wedge (l_{i_{1}}, l_{i_{2}}, \dots ,l_{i_{u}}) &{} - &{} \text{ every } \text{ place } l_{i_{1}},l_{i_{2}},\dots ,l_{i_{u}} \text{ must } \text{ contain } \text{ at } \text{ least }\\ &{} &{} \text{ one } \text{ token },\\ \vee (l_{i_{1}},l_{i_{2}},\dots ,l_{i_{u}}) &{} - &{} \text{ there } \text{ must } \text{ be } \text{ at } \text{ least } \text{ one } \text{ token } \text{ in } \text{ the } \text{ set } \text{ of } \text{ places }\\ &{} &{} l_{i_{1}}, l_{i_{2}},\dots , l_{i_{u}}, \text{ where } \lbrace l_{i_{1}},l_{i_{2}},\dots , l_{i_{u}} \rbrace \subset L'. \end{array} $$

When the value of a type (calculated as a Boolean expression) is “true”, the transition can become active, otherwise it cannot.

The ordered four-tuple

$$ E=\langle \langle A,\pi _{A},\pi _{L},c, f,\theta _{1},\theta _{2}\rangle , \langle K,\pi _{K},\theta _{K} \rangle ,\langle T, t^{0}, t^{*} \rangle , \langle X, \varPhi , b \rangle \rangle $$

is called a Generalized Net if:

(a) A is a set of transitions (see above);

(b) $\pi _{A}$ is a function giving the priorities of the transitions, i.e., $\pi _{A} : A \rightarrow \mathcal{N}$;

(c) $\pi _{L}$ is a function giving the priorities of the places, i.e., $\pi _{L}:L\rightarrow \mathcal{N}$, where

$$ L=pr_{1} A \cup pr_{2} A $$

and obviously, L is the set of all GN-places;

(d) c is a function giving the capacities of the places, i.e., $c: L\rightarrow \ \mathcal{N}$;

(e) f is a function that calculates the truth values of the predicates of the transition’s conditions;

(f) $\theta _{1}$ is a function giving the next time-moment, for which a given transition Z can be activated, i.e., $\theta _{1} (t) = t'$, where $pr_{3}Z = t, t' \in [T, T + t^{*}]$ and $t \le t'$; the value of this function is calculated at the moment when the transition terminates its functioning;

(g) $\theta _{2}$ is a function giving the duration of the active state of a given transition Z, i.e., $\theta _{2} (t) = t'$, where $pr_{4}Z = t \in [T, T + t^{*} ]$ and $t' \ge 0$; the value of this function is calculated at the moment when the transition starts functioning;

(h) K is the set of the GN’s tokens. In some cases, it is convenient to consider this set in the form

$$ K = \bigcup _{l\in Q^{I}} K_{l}, $$

where $K_{l}$ is the set of tokens which enter the net from place l, and $Q^{I}$ is the set of all input places of the net;

(i) $\pi _{K}$ is a function giving the priorities of the tokens, i.e., $ \pi _{K} : K \rightarrow \mathcal{N} $;

(j) $\theta _{K}$ is a function giving the time-moment when a given token can enter the net, i.e., $\theta _{K}(\alpha )= t$, where $\alpha \in K $ and $t \in [T, T + t^{*} ]$;

(k) T is the time-moment when the GN starts functioning; this moment is determined with respect to a fixed (global) time-scale;

(l) $t^{0}$ is an elementary time-step, related to the fixed (global) time-scale;

(m) $t^{*}$ is the duration of the GN functioning;

(n) X is a function which assigns initial characteristics to every token when it enters input place of the net;

(o) $\varPhi $ is a characteristic function that assigns new characteristics to every token when it makes a transfer from an input to an output place of a given transition;

(p) b is a function giving the maximum number of characteristics a given token can receive, i.e., $b: K \rightarrow \ N$.

For the algorithms of transition and GN functioning the reader can refer to [9].

References

1.
Alexieva, J., Choy, E., Koycheva, E.: Review and bibloigraphy on generalized nets theory and applications. In: Choy, E., Krawczak, M., Shannon, A., Szmidt, E. (eds.) A Survey of Generalized Nets, vol. 10, pp. 207–301. Raffles KvB Monograph, Sydney (2007)Google Scholar
2.
Andonov, V., Stephanova, D., Esenturk, M., Angelova, M., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of telemedicine based on body temperature sensors. In: Proceedings of the 14th International workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 78–89. Burgas (2013)Google Scholar
3.
Andonov, V., Stefanova-Pavlova, M., Stojanov, T., Angelova, M., Cook, G., Klein, B., Atanassov, K., Vassilev, P.: Generalized net model for telehealth services. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems, pp. 221–224. Sofia (2012)Google Scholar
4.
Andonov, V., Stojanov, T., Atanassov, K., Kovachev, P.: Generalized net model for telecommunication processes in telecare services. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Telecommunications and Remote Sensing, pp. 158–162. Sofia (2012)Google Scholar
5.
Atanassov, K.: Generalized Nets. World Scientific, Singapore (1991)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
6.
Atanassov, K.: Applications of Generalized Nets. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (1993)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
7.
Atanassov, K.: Generalized Nets and Systems Theory. Academic Publishing House Prof. M. Drinov, Sofia (1997)MATHGoogle Scholar
8.
Atanassov, K.: Generalized Nets in Artificial Intelligence. Generalized Nets and Expert Systems, vol. 1. Academic Publishing House Prof. M. Drinov, Sofia (1998)MATHGoogle Scholar
9.
Atanassov, K.: On Generalized Nets Theory. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (2007)MATHGoogle Scholar
10.
Atanassov, K., Daskalov, M.: Generalized nets models in neurology (NGN60: patient with acute headache). Social Medicine 2, 37–38 (1996)Google Scholar
11.
Atanassov, K., Shannon, A., Wong, C., Owens, D.: A generalized net for endogenous and exogenous insulin kinetics. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop Bioprocess Engineering’95, Sofia, 2-5 Oct 1995Google Scholar
12.
Atanassov, K., Bustince, H., Daskalov, M., Georgiev P., Sorsich J.: Generalized net models in neurology (NGN17: clumsiness and incordination (Ataxia) suspected). In: Proceedings of the International Workshop Bioprocess Engineering’95, Sofia, 2–5 Oct 1995Google Scholar
13.
Atanassov, K., Bustince, H., Daskalov, M., Kim, S., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized Net Models in Neurology (Introduction, Second Part). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-2-95, Sofia, 6, 14–19 Oct 1995)Google Scholar
14.
Atanassov, K., Bustince, H., Daskalov, M., Kim, S., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized Net Models in Neurology (NGN84: Guillain-Barre Syndrome Suspected). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-2-95, Sofia, 6, 20–25 Oct 1995Google Scholar
15.
Atanassov, K., Bustince, H., Daskalov, M., Kim, S., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized Net Models in Neurology (NGN100: Findings of Chorea and Athetoid Movements). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-2-95, Sofia, 6, 26–29 Oct (1995)Google Scholar
16.
Atanassov, K., Bustince, H., Daskalov, M., Sorsich, J.: Generalized net models in neurology (introduction), Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-95, pp. 1–4 (1995)Google Scholar
17.
Atanassov, K., Daskalov, M., Georgiev, P., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Nikolov, N., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized Nets in Neurology. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (1997)Google Scholar
18.
Atanassov, K., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN115: Acute bacterial meningitis in adults). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.1–VI.3. Sofia, 14–16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
19.
Atanassov, K., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN116: subacute and chronic meningitis in adults). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.4–VI.5. Sofia 14-16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
20.
Atanassov, K., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN117: focal intracranial bacterial disease). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.6–VI.9. Sofia, 14–16 Oct (1997)Google Scholar
21.
Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM109: Chronic meningitis and GNGIM110: Aseptic meningitis syndrome). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VII.1–VII.3. Sofia, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1997Google Scholar
22.
Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM124: hematuria). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VII.4-VII.6. Sofia, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1997Google Scholar
23.
Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM127: metabolic acidosis and GNGIM128: Metabolic akalosis). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VII.7-VII. Sofia, 10, 29 Sept—2 Oct 1997Google Scholar
24.
Atanassov, K., Weisberg, L., Garsia, K., Daskalov, M., Pajeva, I., Strub, R., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized nets in the biology and medicine. BAS Mag. 1–2, 44–49 (1998)Google Scholar
25.
Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM198: Caustic ingestion and exposure, and GNGIM201: Hypothermia). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.1–IV.3. Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
26.
Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM238: Use and evaluation of serum drug levels). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.4–IV.5, Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
27.
Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM242: Inpatient enteral nutrition). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.6–IV.10. Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
28.
Atanassov, K., Radeva, V., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized Nets Interpretations of Ivan Dimitrov’s Informational Theory of Diseases. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (2001)Google Scholar
29.
Atanassov, K., Matveev, M., Tasseva, V.: On the generalized nets and their applications in medicine. In: Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Biomedical Physics and Engineering, pp. 250–253. 14–16 Oct 2004Google Scholar
30.
Atanassov, K., Matveev, M., Shannon, A., Tasseva, V.: Information model of workflow and resources in general hospital. In: Proceedings of International Conference Advanced Information and Telemedicine Technologies for Health AITTH’2005, Minsk, vol. 1, pp. 42–46. 8–10 Nov 2005Google Scholar
31.
Atanassov, K., Chakarov, V., Shannon, A.: Principal generalized net model of the human muscle-skeletal system. In: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference of Free University of Burgas, III, pp. 392–398 (2006)Google Scholar
32.
Atanassov, K., Chakarov, V., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J.: Generalized Net Models of the Human Body. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (2008)MATHGoogle Scholar
33.
Bjankova B., Sorsich, J., Kim, S.-Ki, Atanassov, K.: Application of the generalized net in nephrology (approach to patient with recurrent urinary symptoms). In: Proceedings of the International Workshop Bioprocess Engineering’95, pp. 107–110. Sofia, 2–5 Oct 1995Google Scholar
34.
Bustince, H., Kim, S.-Ki, Kim, Y., Nikolov, N.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN121: Neurosyphilis). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.20–VI.21. Sofia, 14–16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
35.
Bustince, H., Kim, S.-Ki, Kim, Y., Nikolov, N.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN122: Tetanus). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.22–VI.24. Sofia, 14-16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
36.
Bustince, H., Kim, S.-Ki, Kim, Y., Nikolov, N.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN123: Rabies). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.25–VI.27. Sofia, 14-16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
37.
Chakarov, V., Atanassov, K., Shannon, A.: Principal generalized net model of an excretory system. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Generalized Nets, Sofia, 10, 13–18 Nov 2004Google Scholar
38.
Chakarov, V., Atanassov, K., Tasseva, V.: Application of the generalized nets in medicine (Edemas). First European Conference on Health Care Modelling and Computation Craiova, pp. 79–86. 31 Aug–2 Sept 2005Google Scholar
39.
Chakarov, V., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of human hematopoietic system. Int. Electron. J. Bioautomation 2, 107–114 (2005)Google Scholar
40.
Chakarov, V., Atanassov, K., Tasseva, V., Matveev, M., El-Darzi, E., Chountas, P., Petrounias, I.: Generalized net model for some basic clinical administrative decision making. First European Conference on Health Care Modelling and Computation Craiova, pp. 72–78. 31 Aug–2 Sept 2005Google Scholar
41.
Chakarov, V., Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of the endocrine system. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie bulgare des Sci. 61(6), 705–712 (2008)MATHGoogle Scholar
42.
Chase, H., Pearson, J., Wightman, C., Roberts, M., Oderberg, A., Garg, S.: Modem transmission of glucose values reduces the costs and need for clinic visits. Diabetes Care 26, 1475–1479 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.
Choy, Y. H., Shannon, A.: Generalized nets for diabetic nephropathy. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Scientific Session of Mathematical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Seminar, Sofia, 10, 1–8 June 1998Google Scholar
44.
Daskalov, M., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net models in neurology (NGN33: Tinnitus). In: Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Biomedical Physics and Engineering, pp. 182–184. Sofia, 17–19 Oct 1996Google Scholar
45.
Daskalov, M., Atanassov, K., Bustince, H.: Generalized net models in neurology (coma). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-95, pp. 13–16 (1995)Google Scholar
46.
Daskalov, M., Bustince, H., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net models in neurology (first headache). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-95, pp. 5–8 (1995)Google Scholar
47.
Daskalov, M., Bustince, H., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net models in neurology (chronic headache). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-95, pp. 9–12 (1995)Google Scholar
48.
Daskalov, M., Nikolov, N., Bustince, H.: Generalized net models in neurology (NGN34: dizziness). In: Proceedins of the Seventh National Conference on Biomedical Physics and Engineering, pp. 185–188. Sofia, 17–19 Oct 1996Google Scholar
49.
Daskalov, M., Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN118: tuberculous meningitis). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.10–VI.12. Sofia, 14–16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
50.
Daskalov, M., Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN119: cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.13–VI.15. Sofia, 14–16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
51.
Daskalov, M., Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E.: Generalized nets in neurology (NGN120: acute viral encephalitis). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Bioprocess Systems’97, pp. VI.16–VI.19. Sofia, 14-16 Oct 1997Google Scholar
52.
Dimitrov, I.: Informational Theory of Diseases. Albo, Sofia (1993)Google Scholar
53.
Dunn, D., Epstein, L.: Decision Making in Child Neurology. B. C. Decker, Toronto (1987)Google Scholar
54.
El-Darzi, E., Vasilakis, C., Chaussalet, T., Millard, P.H.: A simulation modelling approach to evaluating length of stay, occupancy, emptiness and bed blocking in a hospital geriatric department. Health Care Manag. Sci. 1, 143–149 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.
El-Darzi, E., Vasilakis, C., Chaussalet, T., Millard, P. H.: A simulation model to evaluate the interaction between acute, rehabilitation, long stay care and the community. In: Decision Making: Recent developments and Worldwide applications Zanakis, S.H., Doukidis, G., Zopounidis, C. (eds.), pp. 475–485. Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)Google Scholar
56.
Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM119: hepatitis exposure). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’98, pp. VII.20–VII.22. Sofia, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1998Google Scholar
57.
Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM126: renal cysts and masses). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’98, pp. VII.23–VII.25. Sofia, 29 Sept–2 Oct (1998)Google Scholar
58.
Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM131: hypokalemia and GNGIM132: Hyperkalemia). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’98, pp. VII.26–VII.28. Sofia, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1998Google Scholar
59.
Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM196: acute pulse less extremity and GNGIM197: foreign body ingestion). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.23–IV.26. Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
60.
Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM233: non surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’99, Sofia, IV.27–IV.29, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
61.
Georgiev, P., Kacprzyk, J., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM234: antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical patients). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.30–IV.32. Sofia, 18–21 Oct (1999)Google Scholar
62.
Jordanova, B., Sorsich, J.: Modelling of diagnostic and therapeutic processes in medicine by Generalized nets. In: Atanassov, K. (ed.) Applications of Generalized Nets, pp. 291–297. Singapore, New Jersey, London (1993)Google Scholar
63.
Kalinkin, V., Prokopov, D., Iliev, D., Mandjukov, I., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Georgiev, P., Zaharieva, S., Aladjov, H.: Modelling of the hospital activities using generalized Nets. In: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Energy and Information Systems and Technologies. vol. III, pp. 752–757. Bitola, 7–8 June 2001 (in Bulgarian)Google Scholar
64.
Kim, S.-K., Atanassov, K., Shannon, A.: Generalized nets in neurology: an example of mathematical modelling. Int. J. Math. Educ. Sci. Technol. 31(2), 173–179 (2000)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
65.
Koleva, Tz., Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Kim, S.-K., Kim, Y.: Generalized net models in child neurology CN061: discontinuation of medication in children with epilepsy). In: Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 54–55. Sofia, 26 and 27 June 2001Google Scholar
66.
Koleva, Tz., Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Kim, S.-K., Kim, Y.: Generalized net models in child neurology (CN062: the use of anticonvulsant drugs). In: Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 56–58, Sofia, 26 and 27 June 2001Google Scholar
67.
Klonoff, D.: Diabetes and telemedicine: is the technology sound, effective, cost-effective, and practical? (Editorial). Diabetes Care 26, 1626–1628 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68.
Levin, K., Madsen, J., Petersen, I., Wanscher, C., Hangaard, J.: Telemedicine diabetes consultations are cost-effective, and effects on essential diabetes treatment parameters are similar to conventional treatment: 7-year results from the svendborg telemedicine diabetes project. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 7(3), 587–595 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.
Matveev, M., Atanassov, K., Pazvanska, E., Tasseva, V.: Dynamic model of intensive care unit workflow based on generalized nets. Int. Electron. J. Bioautomation 2005(2), 85–92 (2005)Google Scholar
70.
Matveev, M., Andonov, V., Atanassov, K., Milanova, M.: Generalized Net Model for Telecommunication Processes in Telecare Services. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems, pp. 142–145, Rhodes Island (2013)Google Scholar
71.
Mengov, G., Hadjitodorov, S., Shannon, A.: Modelling cognitive brain processes with a generalized net. In: Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 59–61, Sofia. 26 and 27 June 2001Google Scholar
72.
Mengov, G., Pulov, S., Atanassov, K., Georgiev, K., Trifonov, T.: Modelling neural signals with a generalized net. Adv. Stud. Contemp. Math. 7(2), 155–166 (2003)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
73.
Murata, T.: Petri nets: properties, analysis and applications. Proc. IEEE 77(4), 541–580 (1989)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74.
Nikolov, N., Shannon, A., Radeva, V.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM114: pulmonary infections in the HIV-infected patient and GNGIM115: Central nervous system infections in the HIV-infected patient). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’98, pp. VII.11–VII. Sofia, 13, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1998Google Scholar
75.
Nikolov, N., Shannon, A. Radeva, V.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM121: chronic renal failure). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’98, pp. VII.14–VII. Sofia, 16, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1998Google Scholar
76.
Nikolov, N., Shannon, A., Radeva, V.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM 129: hyponatremia and GNGIM130: Hypernatremia). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’98, pp. VII.17–VII.19. Sofia, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1998Google Scholar
77.
Nikolov, N., Shannon, A., Kim, S.-K.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM202: drowning and near-drowning and GNGIM205: Abnormal vaginal bleeding). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.11–IV.14. Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
78.
Nikolov, N., Shannon, A., Kim, S.-K.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM235: choosing appropriate antimicrobial therapy). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.15–IV.17. Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
79.
Nikolov, N.,Shannon, A., Kim, S.-K.: Generalized nets models in internal medicine (GNGIM241: inpatient parenteral nutrition). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’99, pp. IV.18–IV.21. Sofia, 18–21 Oct 1999Google Scholar
80.
Ribagin, S., Chakarov, V., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of the upper limb in relaxed position. New Developments in Fuzzy Sets, Intuitionisitc Fuzzy Sets, Generalized Nets and Related Topics, vol. 2, pp. 201–210. Applications, SRI, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (2012)Google Scholar
81.
Ribagin, S., Chakarov, V., Atanassov, K.: Generaized net model of the upper limb vascular system. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conferance Intelligent Systems, pp. 229–232. Sofia, 6–8 Sept 2012Google Scholar
82.
Ribagin, S., Andonov, V., Chakarov, V.: Possible applications of generalized nets with characteristics of the places. A medical example. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 29–30. Burgas, 56–64 Nov 2013Google Scholar
83.
Sgurev, V., Gluhchev, G., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net interpretation of information process in the brain. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Automatics and Informatics, pp. A-147–A-150. Sofia, 31 May–2 June 2001Google Scholar
84.
Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Applications of generalized nets in the modelling of biomedical processes. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop Bioprocess Engineering’95, Sofia, Oct 2–5 1995Google Scholar
85.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of the generalized net in nephrology (remark on the global generalized net). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-2-95, pp. 20–25. Sofia, 6 Oct 1995Google Scholar
86.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized Nets in Medicine. Academic Publishing House Prof. M. Drinov, Sofia (1996)Google Scholar
87.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized nets in internal medicine (GNGIM108: acute and subacute meningitis). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-98, Sixth Scientific Session of Mathematical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Seminar, pp. 8–10. Sofia, 10 June 1998Google Scholar
88.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized nets in internal medicine (GNGIM111: sexually transmitted diseases). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-98, Sixth Scientific Session of Mathematical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Seminar, pp. 11–15. Sofia, 10 June 1998Google Scholar
89.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized nets in internal medicine (GNGIM113: the acutely ill HIV-positive patient). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-98, Sixth Scientific Session of Mathematical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Seminar, pp. 16–18. Sofia, 10 June 1998Google Scholar
90.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Georgiev, P.: Generalized Nets in General and Internal Medicine, vol. 1. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (1998)Google Scholar
91.
Shannon, A., Iliev, D., Szmidt, E., Aladjov, H., Bustince, H., Kacprzyk, J., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Georgiev, P., Radeva, V.: Generalized net model of health unit activities (an intuitionistic fuzzy approach). In: Kacprzyk, J., Atanassov, K. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Vol. 2; Notes on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 79–84 (1998)Google Scholar
92.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Georgiev, P.: Generalized Nets in General and Internal Medicine, vol. 2. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (1999)Google Scholar
93.
Shannon, A., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Georgiev, P.: Generalized Nets in General and Internal Medicine, vol. 3. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia (2000)Google Scholar
94.
Shannon, A., Atanassov, K., Sorsich, J., Radeva, V.: Generalized Net Interpretations of Ivan Dimitrovs Informational Theory of Diseases. Academic Publishing House Prof. M. Drinov, Sofia (2001)Google Scholar
95.
Shannon, A., Atanassov, K., Chakarov, V.: Global generalized net model of a human body: an intuitionistic fuzzy approach. In: Kacprzyk, J., Atanassov, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, vol. 2, pp. 75–81. Sofia, 20–21 June 2004Google Scholar
96.
Shannon, A., Atanassov, K., Chakarov, V.: Principal generalized net model of the human gastrointestinal tract. In: Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Biomedical Physics and Engineering, pp. 278–283. 14-16 Oct 2004Google Scholar
97.
Shannon, A., Atanassov, K., Chakarov, V.: Generalized net model of the gastrointestinal system of the human body. Adv. Stud. Contemp. Math. 10(2), 101–110 (2005)Google Scholar
98.
Shannon, A., El-Darzi, E., Atanassov, K., Chountas, P., Chakarov, V., Tasseva, V.: Principal generalized net model of diagnostic and therapeutic processes in medicine. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Int. Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 30–38. Sofia, 14-15 July 2006Google Scholar
99.
Shannon, A., El-Darzi, E., Peneva, D., Atanassov, K., Matveev, M., Chountas, P., Vassilev, P., Tasseva, V.: The generalized net modelling of information healthcare system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Automatics and Informatics’06, pp. 119–122. Sofia (2006)Google Scholar
100.
Shannon, A., Peneva, D., El-Darzi, E., Atanassov, K., Chountas, P., Tasseva, V.: On the generalized net modelling of healthcare local area network using intuitionistic fuzzy estimations. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conferenc on IFSs, NIFS vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 60–68. Sofia, 28–29 Oct 2006Google Scholar
101.
Sorsich, J.: An example of application of generalized nets in medicine. In: Proceedings of II International Symposium Automation and Scientific Instrumentation, pp. 387–389. Varna (1983)Google Scholar
102.
Sorsich, J.: Application of the generalized nets in medicine (Elevated blood used nitrogen). First Science Session of the Mathematics Found. AI Seminar, Sofia, Oct. 10: Preprint IM-MFAIS-7-89, pp. 57–59, Sofia (1989)Google Scholar
103.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of Generalized nets in medicine (Diagnostics of arterial hypertension of renal origin). In: Proceedings of III International School Automation and Scientific Instrumentation, pp. 233–236. Varna, Oct 1984Google Scholar
104.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of Generalized Nets in Medicine (Renal Colic). Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics, vol. 24, pp. 352–355 (1984)Google Scholar
105.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of Generalized nets in medicine (Haematuria). In: Proceedings of III International Symposium Automation and Scientific Instrumentation, pp. 163–166, Varna, Oct 1985Google Scholar
106.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of Generalized nets in medicine (Renovascular hypertension). In: Proceedings of III International Symposium Automation and Scientific Instrumentation, pp. 167–169. Varna, Oct 1985Google Scholar
107.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized Nets and their application in Medicine (permanent proteinurea). In: Proceedings of National Scientific Session Automation of the Biotechnical Processes, pp. 138–141. Sofia, (in Bulgarian) Oct 1985Google Scholar
108.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of Generalized nets in medicine (Dysuria). In: Proceedings of III Symposium International Ingenieur Biomedical, pp. 639–642. Madrid, Oct 1987Google Scholar
109.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of Generalized nets in medicine (Acute Attack of Gouty Arthritis). In: Proceedings of III Symposium International Ingenieur Biomedical, pp. 643–645. Madrid, Oct 1987Google Scholar
110.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Applications of the generalized nets in nephrology. In: Atanassov, K. (ed.) Applications of Generalized Nets, pp. 220–290. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (1993)Google Scholar
111.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of the generalized net in medicine (polyuria). In: Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Biomedical Physics and Engineering, pp. 192–194. Sofia 17–19 Oct 1996Google Scholar
112.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Application of generalized nets in medicine (renal mass lesions). Model. Meas. Control C 55(1–2), 39–49 (1997)Google Scholar
113.
Sorsich, J., Bustince, H.: Application of generalized nets in medicine (Acute back pain). Preprint MRL-MFAIS-1-95, pp. 17–20. Sofia (1995)Google Scholar
114.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Application of the generalized net in medicine (modelling of the management of blood cholesterol in the adult general population). In: Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Biomedical Physics and Engineering, pp. 189–191. Sofia, 17–19 Oct 1996Google Scholar
115.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Georgiev, P.: Modelling of the hospital activities using generalized nets. Autom. Inf. III(3), 23–26 (1999)Google Scholar
116.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: A global generalized net model of the human body. In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’2000, pp. IV.1-IV.4. Sofia, 11–13 Sept 2000Google Scholar
117.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of a renal and urological system. In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess Systems’2000, pp. IV.5–IV.8, Sofia, 11-13 Sept 2000Google Scholar
118.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of the cardiovascular system (An intuitionistic fuzzy approach). In: Kacprzyk, J., Atanassov, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Vol. 2; Notes on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, vol. 6 , No. 4, pp. 59–63 (2000)Google Scholar
119.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K., Kim, S.-K.: Generalized net of rheumatism diagnosis (a general model). In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 6–8. Sofia, 9 July 2000Google Scholar
120.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Koleva, Tz.: Generalized net models in child neurology (CN053: Febrile seizures and CN054: Infantile spasms). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess systems’2001, pp. III.19–III.20 Sofia, 1–3 Oct 2001Google Scholar
121.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Koleva, Tz.: Generalized net models in child neurology (CN055: Minor motor seizures and CN056: absence seizures). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess systems’2001, pp. III.21–III.22. Sofia, 1–3 Oct 2001Google Scholar
122.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Nikolov, N., Koleva, Tz.: Generalized net models in child neurology (A global generalized net model of epilepsy diseases). In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess systems’2001, pp. III.25–III.26. Sofia, 1–3 Oct 2001Google Scholar
123.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of reproductive system. Part 1. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on GNs, pp. 25–31. Sofia, 1 Oct 2002Google Scholar
124.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Shannon, A.: A generalized net model of endocrine system. Part 1: thyroid gland. In: Proceedings of the Conference Bioprocess systems’2002, pp. III.27-III.28. Sofia, 28-29 Oct 2002Google Scholar
125.
Sorsich, J., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Generalized Nets in Child Neurology. Academic Publishing House Prof. M. Drinov, Sofia (2002)Google Scholar
126.
Sorsich, J., Chakarov, V., Shannon, A., Atanassov, K.: Generalized Net Model in use for medical diagnosing. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 8–11. Sofia, 23 Sept 2003Google Scholar
127.
Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K., Shannon, A., Szmidt, E., Kacprzyk, J.: Generalized net model of the interconnection effect of the neurological, endocrine and cardiovascular systems on metabolism in human body. In: Atanassov, K., Kacprzyk, J., Krawczak, M. (eds.) Issues in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Generalized Nets, vol. 2, pp. 47–52. Wydawnictwo WSISiZ, Warszawa (2004)Google Scholar
128.
Tasseva, V.: Generalized net model of intensive care unit. In: Proceedings of 2nd International IEEE Conference Intelligent Systems, pp. 58–63. Varna, Bulgaria, 22–24 June 2004Google Scholar
129.
Tasseva, V., Peneva, D., Dimova, K., El-Darzi, E., Chountas, P.: Generalised Nets Model for National health Insurance in Bulgaria. Part 1, Fifth International Workshop on GNs, pp. 32–40. Sofia, 10 Nov 2004Google Scholar
130.
Tasseva, V., Peneva, D., Dimova, K., El-Darzi, E., Chountas, P.: Generalised Nets Model for National health Insurance in Bulgaria. Part 2. Sixth International Workshop on GNs, pp. 20–28. Sofia, 17 Dec 2005Google Scholar
131.
Tasseva, V., Atanassov, K., Matveev, M., El-Darzi, E., Chountas, P., Gorunescu. F.: Modelling the flow of patient through intensive care unit using generalized nets. First European Conference on Health Care Modelling and Computation Craiova, pp. 290–299. 31 Aug–2 Sept 2005Google Scholar
132.
Tasseva, V., Peneva, D., El-Darzi, E., Chountas, P.: Generalised nets model for national health Insurance in Bulgaria. Part 3. First International Workshop on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Generalized Nets and Knowledge Engineering, pp. 88–96. London, 6–7 Sep 2006Google Scholar
133.
Tetev, M., Sorsich, J., Atanassov, K.: Generalized net model of hospital activities. Adv. Model. Anal. AMSE Press 17(1), 55–64 (1993)Google Scholar
134.
Todorova, L., Sorsich, J.: Generalized net model of the mechanical ventilation process. In: Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Generalized Nets, pp. 34–39. Sofia, 26 and 27 June 2001Google Scholar
135.
Todorova, L., Bentes, I., Barroso, J., Temelkov, A.: A generalized net model of the treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with nosocomial pneumonia. In: Proceedings of the 10th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering Advanced Design, Production and Management Systems, pp. 1057–1063. Madeira, 26–30 July 2003Google Scholar
136.
Todorova, L., Temelkov, A., Antonov, A.: GN model of transition to spontaneous breathing after long term mechanical ventilation. First European Conference on Health Care Modelling and Computation Craiova, pp. 300–308. 31 Aug–2 Sept 2005Google Scholar
137.
Vasilakis, C., El-Darzi, E.: A simulation study of the winter bed crisis. Health Care Manag. Sci. J. 4(1), 31–36 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
138.
Weisberg, L., Strub, R., Garcia, C.: Decision Making in Adult Neurology. B. C. Decker, Toronto (1993)Google Scholar
139.
Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Management of Hyperglycemiain Type 2 Diabetes: a Patient-Centered Approach. DIABETES CARE, vol. 35, June 2012Google Scholar
140.
ACE Comprehensive Diabetes Management, Endocr Pract. 19 (Suppl 2) (2013)Google Scholar
141.
Gardner, D.G., Shoback, D. (eds.) Greenspans Basic and Clinical Endocrinology (8th edn.). The McGraw-Hill Medical, New York (2007)Google Scholar
142.
Melmed, S. et al. (eds.) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (12th edn.). Saunders/Elsevier, Philladelphia (2011)Google Scholar
143.
http://www.tunstallhealthcare.com.au/Uploads/Documents/T4186Telehealth_web 2025_6_13.pdf
144.
http://www.lifelinkresponse.com.au/telehealth/

Copyright information

Authors and Affiliations

Maria Stefanova-Pavlova
- 1
Email author
Velin Andonov
- 2
Violeta Tasseva
- 2
Antoaneta Gateva
- 3
Elissaveta Stefanova
- 4

1.Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer—GlobalSofiaBulgaria
2.Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
3.Clinic of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Alexnadrovska, Medical University—SofiaSofiaBulgaria
4.Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and GeneticsUniversity Children’s Hospital, Medical University—SofiaSofiaBulgaria

Generalized Nets in Medicine: An Example of Telemedicine for People with Diabetes

Abstract

Keywords

References

Copyright information

Authors and Affiliations

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter