French Urbanism in Foreign Lands pp 115-131 | Cite as
French Urbanism in the Middle East
Abstract
While only seldom mentioned, France has always played an active role in efforts to shape the spatial and physical structures of the Middle East. This does not imply the presence of large-scale spatial or physical projects of the genre found in other locales with a history of French control. One reason for this is the fact that the French did not view the Middle-East as the valuable prize of colonization that other regions such as Indochina and Africa were. Another reason is the fact that the Middle-East has a rich history of human settlements in particular and built space in general that predated the French colonial enterprise. Nevertheless, marks of French urbanism are difficult to miss in the region. This chapter discusses the genesis and evolution of the most conspicuous of these marks.
Keywords
Aleppo Ancient cities Ankara Barriers Beirut Damascus Diffusion of French urbanism French colonial urbanism Haifa Istanbul Middle-East Tel AvivReferences
- Betts, R. (2005). Assimilation and association in French colonial theory, 1870–1914. (First published, 1960).Omaha: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
- Bilsel, C. (2011). Les Transformations d’Istanbul: Henri Prost’s planning of Istanbul (1936–1951). ITU A|Z, 8(1), 100–116.Google Scholar
- Elhyani, Z. (2004). Horizontal ideology, vertical vision: Oscar Niemeyer and Israel’s height dilemma. In H. Yacobi (Ed.), Constructing sense of place: Architecture and the Zionist discourse (pp. 89–118). Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
- Finlay, A. M., & Paddison, R. (1986). Planning the Arab city: The case of Tunis and Rabat. Oxford/Elmsford: Pergamon.Google Scholar
- Kiet, A. (Online). Arab culture and urban form (Faculty and student work). California Polytechnic. Accessed 23 Mar 2013 at: http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1185&context=focus
- Lababedi, Z. (2008). The urban development of Damascus: A study of its past, present and future. Unpublished MSc in European property development and planning. University College London.Google Scholar
- Lebon, J. H. G. (1970). The Islamic city in the Near East: A comparative study of Cairo, Alexandria and Istanbul. The Town Planning Review, 41(2), 179–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Levine, M. (2007). Globalization, architecture and town planning in a colonial city: The case of Jaffa and Tel Aviv. Journal of World History, 18(2), 171–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- M.B., & H.G.L. (1940). Syria and Lebanon The States of the Levant under French Mandate. Bulletin of International News, 17, 841–851.Google Scholar
- Macionis, J. J., & Parrillo, V. N. (2004). Cities and urban life (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
- Maddox, K. (Online). Failed enlightenment: Urban design and French modernity in Beirut. Notevenpast.org. Accessed 15 Oct 2013 at: http://www.notevenpast.org/papers/failed-enlightenment-urban-design-and-french-modernity-beirut
- Memphis. (2013). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 22, 2013, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/374532/Memphis/4781/The-Old-Kingdom
- Toffel, L. (Online). The urban development of Beirut: City growth in history. Accessed 15 Oct 2013 at: http://www.studio-basel.com/assets/files/files/20_urban_development_of_beirut_web.pdf
- UN-Habitat. (2009). Planning sustainable cities: Global report on human settlements 2009. London/Sterling: Earthscan.Google Scholar
- Verdeil, E. (Online). Plans for an unplanned city: Beirut (1950–2000). Worldview: Perspectives on Architecture and Urbanism from around the Globe. Accessed 15 Oct 2013 from http://www.worldviewcities.org/beirut/urban.html