Toxic Effects

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences book series (BRIEFSANIMAL)

Abstract

Clinical manifestations of acute fluoride toxicity include hypersalivation, restlessness, body stiffness, convulsion, and respiratory and cardiac failure, eventually leading to death. In chronic fluoride toxicity calcified tissues act as a natural sink for fluoride and hence characteristic lesions develop in bone and teeth. Dental lesions appear more frequently than bony lesions and are characterized by discoloration, hypoplastic pits, chalkiness, fast attrition, and early loss. Intermittent lameness, weakness, and the appearance of bony protuberances are common due to lesions developing in bone. Toxic effects on soft tissues become more evident when bones saturate with fluoride and their capacity to accumulate more fluoride is lost. Excess fluoride can alter the cytoarchitecture and physiology of renal, hepatic, gonadal, and neuronal tissues. Many studies suggested genotoxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and cytotoxic potential of fluoride, although the results were highly variable and even contradictory.

Keywords

Fluoride Concentration Sodium Fluoride Dental Fluorosis Skeletal Fluorosis Fluoride Exposure 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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© The Author(s) 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.National Research Centre on CamelBikanerIndia
  2. 2.Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, NavaniaRajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBikanerIndia

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