Taurine 9 pp 555-570 | Cite as

Does Taurine Prolong Lifespan by Improving Heart Function?

  • Stephen W. Schaffer
  • K. C. Ramila
  • Chian Ju Jong
  • Aza Shetewy
  • Kayoko Shimada
  • Takashi Ito
  • Junichi Azuma
  • Eugene Cioffi
Conference paper
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 803)

Abstract

Taurine transporter knockout (TauTKO) mice die prematurely, an effect attributed to premature aging. However, taurine deficiency also causes severe pathology, including the development of a cardiomyopathy that can be fatal. The present review discusses one of the major mechanisms underlying the development of the cardiomyopathy. The cascade begins with taurine deficiency-mediated impairment of electron transport chain function, which mediates the initial decline in contractile function. The heart then begins the process of ventricular and biochemical remodeling, which worsens the severity of the contractile defect. A key defect that develops during ventricular remodeling is impaired sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+ handling, which arises from a series of steps that include elevated protein phosphatase 1 activity, diminished Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity, reduced levels of phosphorylated phospholamban and finally impaired SR Ca2+ ATPase activity. Also contributing to ventricular remodeling is the loss of cardiomyocytes via apoptosis.

Taurine deficiency also promotes premature aging, a complex phenomenon mediated in part by telomere shortening, elevations in mitochondrial ROS generation, mitochondrial DNA damage and inflammation. The initial insult driving premature aging in taurine deficient hearts is enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation, which in turn activates key signaling kinases that increase NF-κB content, leading to enhanced production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Chronic inflammation arises from both the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the decline in taurine chloramine production, the latter which inhibits the inflammatory process. Finally, inflammation is a recognized mediator of premature aging.

Keywords

Inflammation NF-KB Cardiomyopathy Apoptosis Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase Heart failure 
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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Stephen W. Schaffer
    • 1
  • K. C. Ramila
    • 1
  • Chian Ju Jong
    • 1
  • Aza Shetewy
    • 1
  • Kayoko Shimada
    • 1
  • Takashi Ito
    • 2
  • Junichi Azuma
    • 2
  • Eugene Cioffi
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of South AlabamaMobileUSA
  2. 2.Hyogo University of Health SciencesSchool of PharmacyKobeJapan

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