Aminoglycoside-Induced Oxidative Stress: Pathways and Protection

Chapter
Part of the Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice book series (OXISTRESS)

Abstract

The aminoglycosides are life-saving antimicrobials that have the potential to profoundly impair hearing, balance, and renal function. Following initiation of aminoglycoside therapy, reactive oxygen species are generated in the inner ear, often heralding loss of redox homeostasis and ensuing activation of cell death pathways. Experimental models of aminoglycoside ototoxicity have allowed for in-depth study of the underlying mechanisms of oxidative injury to the inner ear and characterization of histopathological and functional correlates. We review the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and summarize current approaches to prevention of hearing loss from aminoglycosides. Several potential points of intervention exist, including blocking drug entry into the inner ear and sensory hair cells, mitigating oxidative stress injury, and interfering with inflammatory and cell death pathways. Understanding the pathogenesis of oxidative stress injury and related pathways provides a basis for otoprotective strategies, ranging from use of preventives and rescue agents to rational drug design of non-ototoxic therapeutic aminoglycosides.

Keywords

Oxidative stress Aminoglycoside Gentamicin Reactive oxygen species Hearing loss Inner ear Cochlea Ototoxicity Otoprotection Hair cell Organ of Corti Vestibular Antioxidant Apoptosis Free radicals 
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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Division of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and PharmacologySouthern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldUSA
  2. 2.Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research InstituteUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborUSA

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