Strategies in Patients with Other Molecular Alterations

Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

The paradigm of lung cancer treatment has rapidly changed in the last 10 years thanks to the introduction of molecularly tailored drugs, especially for lung adenocarcinoma. After the successes obtained with target agents in the treatment of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement positive patients, a number of new molecular markers have been identified, such as HER2 aberrations, MET and FGFR1 amplification, BRAF and DDR2 mutations, and others. A molecular driver may be identified in up to 60 % of adenocarcinoma, whereas biological knowledge of squamous cell carcinoma is at an earlier stage and a targetable alteration may be found in only 30 % of cases. Most of the molecular changes display low frequency (<5 %) but may represent appealing actionable targets for therapy. Drugs already approved for use in other tumors and novel agents are currently being explored in molecularly selected subcategories of lung cancer, such as neratinib in HER2 mutated patients or dabrafenib in subjects bearing BRAF mutation. Initial results of clinical studies and reports are promising and allow to envision a brighter future for research and treatment of lung cancer.

Keywords

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Overall Response Rate 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

ADC

Adenocarcinoma

ALK

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase

DCR

Disease control rate

DDR

Discodoin domain receptor

EGFR

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FDA

Food and Drug administration

FGFR

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

FISH

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

HER2

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

HGF

Hepatocyte growth factor

KRAS

Kristen rat sarcoma gene

MET

Mesenchymal epithelial transition

NCI

National Cancer Institute

NSCLC

Non-small cell lung cancer

ORR

Overall response rate

OS

Overall survival

PFS

Progression free survival

SNP

Single neuclotide polymorphism

SqCC

Squamous cell carcinoma

TKI

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraUSA

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