MAPLE and MALDI: Theory and Experiments

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Springer Series in Materials Science book series (SSMATERIALS, volume 191)

Abstract

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are important techniques for the analysis of materials and the fabrication of thin films (metals, alloys and inorganic compounds). These techniques are not applicable to polymers, organic and biomaterials, mostly destroyed by the energetic laser pulses. To overcome this drawback, matrix assisted laser techniques were introduced: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), for mass spectroscopy and thin film deposition, respectively. They offer an efficient mechanism to transfer easy-to-be-decomposed materials from the condensed phase into the vapor phase. The material of interest (polymers, biological cells, proteins…) is diluted in a volatile solvent, with a typical concentration of a few wt%, to form the target to be irradiated with a pulsed laser beam. The laser energy is principally absorbed by the solvent and converted to thermal energy, allowing the solvent to vaporize. The molecules of the material of interest receive enough kinetic energy through collective collisions with the evaporating solvent to be transferred in the gas phase and finally analyzed or deposited on a suitable substrate. Here, important results of MALDI and MAPLE are reported and their working mechanisms are discussed.

Keywords

Matrix Assisted Laser Deposition Ionization Pulse Laser Ablation Deposition Laser Fluence Laser Induce Breakdown Spectroscopy TiO2 Nanorods 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgments

The author is very grateful to Prof. A. Luches for fruitful discussions and assistance.

References

  1. 1.
    T.H. Maiman, Nature 187, 493 (1960)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    P. Houldcroft, British Weld. J. 443 (1967)Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering (Springer, New York, 1965), p. 2Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    R.F. Duhamel, C.M. Banas, Lasers in Material Processing (American Society of Metals, 1983)Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    A.L. Schawlow, Science 149, 13 (1965)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    H.M. Smith, A.F. Turner, Appl. Opt. 4, 147 (1965)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    J.P. Gavigan, D. Givord, A. Lienard, O.F.K. Mcgrath, J.P. Rebouillat, Y. Souche, MRS Proc. 191, 49 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Y. Kawamura, K. Toyoda, S. Namba, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 374 (1982)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    R. Srinivasan, V. Mayne-Banton, Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 576 (1982)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    J.G. Bednorz, K.A. Müller, Z. Physik B 64, 189 (1986)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    A.P. Caricato, G. Leggieri, A. Luches, F. Romano, G. Barucca, P. Mengucci, S.A. Mulenko, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 1224 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    J.M. Lackner, W. Waldhauser, T. Schöberl, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 4037 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    A.P. Caricato, M. Fernández, Z. Frait, S. Luby, A. Luches, E. Majkova, G. Majni, R. Malych, P. Mengucci, Appl. Phys. A 79, 1251 (2004)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    R. Tomita, H. Koga, T. Uchiyama, I. Iguchi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 73, 2639 (2004)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    S. Acquaviva, G. Leggieri, A. Luches, A. Perrone, A. Zocco, N. Laidani, G. Speranza, M. Anderle, Appl. Phys. A 70, 197 (2000)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    E. D’Anna, M. Fernández, G. Leggieri, A. Luches, A. Zocco, G. Majni, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 159 (2004)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    A.P. Caricato, Y.V. Kudryavtsev, G. Leggieri, A. Luches, S.A. Mulenko, J. Phys, d. Appl. Phys. 40, 4866 (2007)Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    M. Martino, A. Luches, M. Fernández, P. Anobile, V. Petruzzelli, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 34, 2606 (2001)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    G.B. Blanchet, S.I. Shah, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1026 (1993)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    G.B. Blanchet, Macromolecules 28, 4603 (1995)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    M. Yudasaka, Y. Tasaka, M. Tanaka, H. Kamo, Y. Ohki, S. Usami, S. Yoshimura, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3237 (1994)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    W.B. Lee, J.Y. Wu, Y.I. Lee, J. Sneddon, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 39, 27 (2004)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    K. Tanaka, Y. Ido, S. Akita, Y. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, in Proceedings of 2nd Japan-China Joint Symposium. Mass Spectrometry, (Osaka, 1987) p. 185Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, Anal. Chem. 60, 1193 (1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    A. Piqué, R.A. McGill, D.B. Chrisey, D. Leonhardt, T.E. Mslna, B.J. Spargo, J.H. Callahan, R.W. Vachet, R. Chung, M.A. Bucaro, Thin Solid Films. 355/356, 536 (1999)Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    A. Piqué, P. Wu, B.R. Ringeisen, D.M. Bubb, J.S. Melinger, R.A. McGill, D.B. Chrisey, Appl. Surf. Sci. 186, 408 (2002)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    D.B. Chrisey, A. Piqué, R.A. McGill, J.S. Horwitz, B.R. Ringeisen, D.M. Bubb, P.K. Wu, Chem. Rev. 103, 553 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    J.Y. Oh, J.H. Moon, M.S. Kim, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 15, 1248 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    R. Knochenmuss, L.V. Zhigilei, J. Mass Spectrom. 45, 333 (2010)Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    F. Hillenkamp, M. Karas, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 200, 71 (2000)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    C. Fenselau, P.A. Demirev, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 20, 157 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    K.J. Welham, M.A. Domin, D.E. Scannell, E. Cohen, D.S. Ashton, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12, 176 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Z.P. Wang, L. Russon, L. Li, D.C. Roser, S.R. Long, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12, 456 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    B.J. Amiri-Eliasi, C. Fenselau, Anal. Chem. 73, 5228 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    K. Dreisewerd, Chem. Rev. 103, 395 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    M. Karas, R. Krüger, Chem. Rev. 103, 427 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    R. Knochenmuss, R. Zenobi, Chem. Rev. 103, 441 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    R.A. McGill, D.B. Chrisey, Method of Producing a Film Coating by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition, Patent No. 6,025,03 (2000)Google Scholar
  39. 39.
    D.M. Bubb, P.K. Wu, J.S. Horwitz, J.H. Callahan, M. Galicia, A. Vertes, R.A. McGill, E.J. Houser, B.R. Ringeisen, D.B. Chrisey, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2055 (2002)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    A.L. Mercado, C.E. Allmond, J.G. Hoekstra, J.M. Fitz-Gerald, Appl. Phys. A 81, 591 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    E. Leveugle, L.V. Zhigilei, J. Appl. Phys. 102, 074914 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    B. Toftmann, M.R. Papantonakis, R.C.Y. Auyeung, W. Kim, S.M. O’Malley, D.M. Bubb, J.S. Horwitz, J. Schou, P.M. Johansen, R.F. Haglund Jr., Thin Solid Films 453/454, 177 (2004)Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    A.P. Caricato, M. Lomascolo, A. Luches, F. Mandoj, M.G. Manera, M. Mastroianni, M. Martino, R. Paolesse, R. Rella, F. Romano, T. Tunno, D. Valerini, Appl. Phys. A 93, 651 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    G. Socol, I.N. Mihailescu, A.-M. Albu, S. Antohe, F. Stanculescu, A. Stanculescu, L. Mihut, N. Preda, M. Socol, O. Rasoga, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 5611 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    I.A. Paun, V. Ion, A. Moldovan, M. Dinescu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 243702 (2010)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    A.P. Caricato, A. Luches, Appl. Phys. A 105, 565 (2011)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Y. Fujii, H. Atarashi, M. Hino, T. Nagamura, K. Tanaka, Appl. Mat. Inter. 1, 1856 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    T.M. Patz, A. Doraiswamy, R.J. Narayan, N. Menegazzo, C. Kranz, B. Mizaikoff, Y. Zhong, R. Bellamkonda, J.D. Bumgardner, S.H. Elder, X.F. Walboomers, R. Modi, D.B. Chrisey, Mater. Sci. Engin. C 27, 514 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    V. Califano, F. Bloisi, L.R.M. Vicari, P. Colombi, E. Bontempi, L.E. Depero, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 7143 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    A. Stanculescu, M. Socol, G. Socol, I.N. Mihailescu, M. Girtan, F. Stanculescu, Appl. Phys. A 104, 921 (2011)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    A.P. Caricato, M. Cesaria, G. Gigli, A. Loiudice, A. Luches, M. Martino, V. Resta, A. Rizzo, A. Taurino, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073306 (2012)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    A. Piqué, D.B. Chrisey, B.J. Spargo, M.A. Bucaro, R.W. Vachet, J.H. Callahan, R.A. McGill, D. Leonhardt, T.E. Mlsna, MRS Proc. 526, 421 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    R. Cristescu, I. Stamatin, D.E. Mihaiescu, C. Ghica, M. Albulescu, I.N.Mihailescu, D.B. Chrisey, Thin Solid Films 453/454, 262 (2004)Google Scholar
  54. 54.
    B. Toftmann, K. Rodrigo, J. Schou, R. Pedrys, Appl. Surf. Sci. 247, 211 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    A. Purice, J. Schou, M. Dinescu, Chem. Phys. Lett. 427, 251 (2006)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    F. Bloisi, L. Vicari, R. Papa, V. Califano, R. Pedrazzani, E. Bontempi, L.E. Depero, Mater. Sci. Eng. C Biomim. Mater. Sens. Syst. 27, 1185 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    R. Cristescu, D. Mihaiescu, G. Socol, I. Stamatin, I.N. Mihailescu, D.B. Chrisey, Appl. Phys. A 79, 1023 (2004)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    B.R. Ringeisen, J. Callahan, P.K. Wu, A. Piqué, B. Spargo, R.A. McGill, M. Bucaro, H. Kim, D.M. Bubb, D.B. Chrisey, Langmuir 17, 3472 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    P.K. Wu, B.R. Ringeisen, D.B. Krizman, S.M. Hewitt, C.G. Frondoza, M. Brooks, D.M. Bubb, R.C.Y. Auyeung, H. Kim, A. Piqué, J.M. Fitz-Gerald, B. Spargo, R.A. McGill, D.B. Chrisey, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 2546 (2003)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    M. Martino, A.P. Caricato, F. Romano, T. Tunno, D. Valerini, M. Anni, M.E. Caruso, A. Romano, T. Verri, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 20, S435 (2009)Google Scholar
  61. 61.
    L. Stamatin, R. Cristescu, G. Socol, A. Moldovan, D. Mihailescu, I. Stamatin, I.N. Mihailescu, D.B. Chrisey, Appl. Surf. Sci. 248, 422 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    T. Tunno, A.P. Caricato, M.E. Caruso, A. Luches, M. Martino, F. Romano, D. Valerini, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 6461 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    F. Bloisi, A. Cassinese, R. Papa, L. Vicari, V. Califano, Thin Solid Films 516, 1594 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    M. Ariu, M. Sims, M.D. Rahn, J. Hill, A.M. Fox, D.G. Lidzey, M. Oda, J. Cabanillas-Gonzales, D.C. Bradley, Phys. Rev. B 67, 195333 (2003)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. 65.
    M.E. Caruso, S. Lattante, R. Cingolani, M. Anni, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 181906 (2006)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    A.P. Caricato, M. Epifani, M. Martino, F. Romano, R. Rella, A. Taurino, T. Tunno, D. Valerini, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42, 095105 (2009)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    A.P. Caricato, G. Leggieri, M. Martino, A. Vantaggiato, D. Valerini, A. Cretì, M. Lomascolo, M.G. Manera, R. Rella, M. Anni, Appl. Phys. A 101, 759 (2010)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    D.M. Bubb, M. Papantonakis, B. Collins, E. Brookes, J. Wood, U. Gurudas, Chem. Phys. Lett. 448, 194 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    C. Hansen, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User Handbook (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000)Google Scholar
  70. 70.
    K. Rodrigo, P. Czuba, B. Toftmann, J. Schou, R. Pedrys, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 4824 (2006)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    A. Gutiérrez-Llorente, G. Horowitz, R. Pérez-Casero, J. Perrière, J.L. Fave, A. Yassar, C. Sant, Org. Electron. 5, 29 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    A.P. Caricato, M. Anni, M.G. Manera, M. Martino, R. Rella, F. Romano, T. Tunno, D. Valerini, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 9659 (2009)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    M. Epifani, J. Arbiol, R. Díaz, M.J. Perálvarez, P. Siciliano, R. Rella, Chem. Mater. 17, 6468 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    P. Keblinski, J.A. Eastman, D.G. Cahill, Mater. Today 36 (2005)Google Scholar
  75. 75.
    M.W. Cross, W.J. Varhue, Nanotechnology 19, 435705 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    P.K. Wu, J. Fitz-Gerald, A. Piqué, D.B. Chrisey, R.A. McGill, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 2–3, 617 (2000)Google Scholar
  77. 77.
    A.P. Caricato, A. Luches, R. Rella, Sensors 9, 2682 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    A.P. Caricato, R. Buonsanti, M. Catalano, P.D. Cozzoli, A. Luches, M.G. Manera, M. Martino, R. Rella, A. Taurino, Appl. Phys. A 104, 963 (2011)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    E. Leveugle, L.V. Zhigilei, A. Sellinger, J.M. Fitz-Gerald, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 6456 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    M. Rezaee, S.M. Mousavi Khoie, J. Alloys Compd. 507, 484 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Ennio De GiorgiUniversità del SalentoLecceItaly

Personalised recommendations