ICIDS 2013: Interactive Storytelling pp 95-106 | Cite as

Towards Automatic Story Clustering for Interactive Narrative Authoring

  • Michal Bída
  • Martin Černý
  • Cyril Brom
Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 8230)

Abstract

Interactive storytelling systems are capable of producing many variants of stories. A major challenge in designing storytelling systems is the evaluation of the resulting narrative. Ideally every variant of the resulting story should be seen and evaluated, but due to combinatorial explosion of the story space, this is unfeasible in all but the smallest domains. However, the system designer still needs to have control over the generated stories and his input cannot be replaced by a computer. In this paper we propose a general methodology for semi-automatic evaluation of narrative systems based on tension curve extraction and clustering of similar stories. Our preliminary results indicate that a straightforward approach works well in simple scenarios, but for complex story spaces further improvements are necessary.

Keywords

Multiagent System Jaccard Index Tension Curve Action String Play Session 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Mateas, M., Stern, A.: Fac̨ade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama. In: Game Developer’s Conference: Game Design Track (2003)Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    McCoy, J., Treanor, M., Samuel, B.: Prom Week: social physics as gameplay. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games, pp. 319–321 (2011)Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Aylett, R., Kriegel, M., Lim, M.: ORIENT: interactive agents for stage-based role-play. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 1371–1372 (2009)Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Endrass, B., Rehm, M., André, E.: Planning Small Talk behavior with cultural influences for multiagent systems. Computer Speech & Language 25(2), 158–174 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Aylett, R., Vala, M., Sequeira, P., Paiva, A.: FearNot! – an emergent narrative approach to virtual dramas for anti-bullying education. In: Cavazza, M., Donikian, S. (eds.) ICVS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4871, pp. 202–205. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Cavazza, M., Lugrin, J., Pizzi, D., Charles, F.: Madame bovary on the holodeck: immersive interactive storytelling. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 651–660 (2007)Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Schoenau-Fog, H.: Hooked! – evaluating engagement as continuation desire in interactive narratives. In: Si, M., Thu, D., André, E., Lester, J., Tanenbaum, J., Zammitto, V. (eds.) ICIDS 2011. LNCS, vol. 7069, pp. 219–230. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Bída, M., Brom, C., Popelová, M.: To date or not to date? A minimalist affect-modulated control architecture for dating virtual characters. In: Vilhjálmsson, H.H., Kopp, S., Marsella, S., Thórisson, K.R. (eds.) IVA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6895, pp. 419–425. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Brewer, W., Lichtenstein, E.: Stories are to entertain: A structural-affect theory of stories. Journal of Pragmatics (1982)Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    y Pérez, P., Sharples, M.: MEXICA: A computer model of a cognitive account of creative writing. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 13(2), 119–139 (2001)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Ware, S.G., Young, R.M., Harrison, B., Roberts, D.L.: Four quantitative metrics describing narrative conflict. In: Oyarzun, D., Peinado, F., Young, R.M., Elizalde, A., Méndez, G. (eds.) ICIDS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7648, pp. 18–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Weyhrauch, P., Bates, J.: Guiding interactive drama. PhD. Thesis (1997)Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Ontañón, S., Zhu, J.: On the role of domain knowledge in analogy-based story generation. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1717–1722 (2011)Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Forbus, K., Gentner, D., Law, K.: MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. Cognitive Science 19(2), 141–205 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Cheong, Y., Jhala, A., Bae, B., Young, R.: Automatically generating summary visualizations from game logs. In: Proc. AIIDE, pp. 167–172 (2008)Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Rabe, F., Wachsmuth, I.: An Event Metric and an Episode Metric for a Virtual Guide. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, pp. 543–546 (2013)Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Zwaan, R.A., Langston, M.C., Graesser, A.C.: The construction of situation models in narrative comprehension: An event-indexing model. Psychological Science 6(5), 292–297 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Porteous, J., Charles, F., Cavazza, M.: NetworkING: using character relationships for interactive narrative generation. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, pp. 595–602. IFAAMAS (2013)Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Aylett, R., Louchart, S.: If I were you - Double appraisal in affective agents. In: Proc. of 7th Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2008), pp. 1233–1236 (2008)Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Kadlec, R., Čermák, M., Behan, Z., Brom, C.: Generating Corpora of Activities of Daily Living and towards Measuring the Corpora’s Complexity. In: Dignum, F., Brom, C., Hindriks, K., Beer, M., Richards, D. (eds.) CAVE 2012. LNCS, vol. 7764, pp. 149–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J.: The Elements of Statistical Learning. Springer, New York (2001)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Freytag, G.: Technique of the Drama: An Exposition of Dramatic Composition and Art (1863)Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A.: The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Levenshtein, V.I.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Soviet Physics Doklady 10(8), 707–710 (1966)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Jaccard, P.: Étude comparative de la distribution florale dans une portion des Alpes et des Jura. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 37, 547–579 (1901) (in French)Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    Winkler, W.: String Comparator Metrics and Enhanced Decision Rules in the Fellegi-Sunter Model of Record Linkage. In: Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods (American Statistical Association), pp. 354–359 (1990)Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Bída, M., Černý, M., Brom, C.: SimDate3D – Level Two. In: Koenitz, H., Sezen, T.I., Ferri, G., Haahr, M., Sezen, D., Çatak, G. (eds.) ICIDS 2013. LNCS, vol. 8230, pp. 128–131. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Michal Bída
    • 1
  • Martin Černý
    • 1
  • Cyril Brom
    • 1
  1. 1.Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PraguePragueCzech Republic

Personalised recommendations