ICIDS 2013: Interactive Storytelling pp 95-106 | Cite as
Towards Automatic Story Clustering for Interactive Narrative Authoring
Abstract
Interactive storytelling systems are capable of producing many variants of stories. A major challenge in designing storytelling systems is the evaluation of the resulting narrative. Ideally every variant of the resulting story should be seen and evaluated, but due to combinatorial explosion of the story space, this is unfeasible in all but the smallest domains. However, the system designer still needs to have control over the generated stories and his input cannot be replaced by a computer. In this paper we propose a general methodology for semi-automatic evaluation of narrative systems based on tension curve extraction and clustering of similar stories. Our preliminary results indicate that a straightforward approach works well in simple scenarios, but for complex story spaces further improvements are necessary.
Keywords
Multiagent System Jaccard Index Tension Curve Action String Play SessionPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Mateas, M., Stern, A.: Fac̨ade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama. In: Game Developer’s Conference: Game Design Track (2003)Google Scholar
- 2.McCoy, J., Treanor, M., Samuel, B.: Prom Week: social physics as gameplay. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games, pp. 319–321 (2011)Google Scholar
- 3.Aylett, R., Kriegel, M., Lim, M.: ORIENT: interactive agents for stage-based role-play. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 1371–1372 (2009)Google Scholar
- 4.Endrass, B., Rehm, M., André, E.: Planning Small Talk behavior with cultural influences for multiagent systems. Computer Speech & Language 25(2), 158–174 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Aylett, R., Vala, M., Sequeira, P., Paiva, A.: FearNot! – an emergent narrative approach to virtual dramas for anti-bullying education. In: Cavazza, M., Donikian, S. (eds.) ICVS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4871, pp. 202–205. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Cavazza, M., Lugrin, J., Pizzi, D., Charles, F.: Madame bovary on the holodeck: immersive interactive storytelling. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 651–660 (2007)Google Scholar
- 7.Schoenau-Fog, H.: Hooked! – evaluating engagement as continuation desire in interactive narratives. In: Si, M., Thu, D., André, E., Lester, J., Tanenbaum, J., Zammitto, V. (eds.) ICIDS 2011. LNCS, vol. 7069, pp. 219–230. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Bída, M., Brom, C., Popelová, M.: To date or not to date? A minimalist affect-modulated control architecture for dating virtual characters. In: Vilhjálmsson, H.H., Kopp, S., Marsella, S., Thórisson, K.R. (eds.) IVA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6895, pp. 419–425. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Brewer, W., Lichtenstein, E.: Stories are to entertain: A structural-affect theory of stories. Journal of Pragmatics (1982)Google Scholar
- 10.y Pérez, P., Sharples, M.: MEXICA: A computer model of a cognitive account of creative writing. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 13(2), 119–139 (2001)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
- 11.Ware, S.G., Young, R.M., Harrison, B., Roberts, D.L.: Four quantitative metrics describing narrative conflict. In: Oyarzun, D., Peinado, F., Young, R.M., Elizalde, A., Méndez, G. (eds.) ICIDS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7648, pp. 18–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Weyhrauch, P., Bates, J.: Guiding interactive drama. PhD. Thesis (1997)Google Scholar
- 13.Ontañón, S., Zhu, J.: On the role of domain knowledge in analogy-based story generation. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1717–1722 (2011)Google Scholar
- 14.Forbus, K., Gentner, D., Law, K.: MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. Cognitive Science 19(2), 141–205 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Cheong, Y., Jhala, A., Bae, B., Young, R.: Automatically generating summary visualizations from game logs. In: Proc. AIIDE, pp. 167–172 (2008)Google Scholar
- 16.Rabe, F., Wachsmuth, I.: An Event Metric and an Episode Metric for a Virtual Guide. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, pp. 543–546 (2013)Google Scholar
- 17.Zwaan, R.A., Langston, M.C., Graesser, A.C.: The construction of situation models in narrative comprehension: An event-indexing model. Psychological Science 6(5), 292–297 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Porteous, J., Charles, F., Cavazza, M.: NetworkING: using character relationships for interactive narrative generation. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, pp. 595–602. IFAAMAS (2013)Google Scholar
- 19.Aylett, R., Louchart, S.: If I were you - Double appraisal in affective agents. In: Proc. of 7th Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2008), pp. 1233–1236 (2008)Google Scholar
- 20.Kadlec, R., Čermák, M., Behan, Z., Brom, C.: Generating Corpora of Activities of Daily Living and towards Measuring the Corpora’s Complexity. In: Dignum, F., Brom, C., Hindriks, K., Beer, M., Richards, D. (eds.) CAVE 2012. LNCS, vol. 7764, pp. 149–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J.: The Elements of Statistical Learning. Springer, New York (2001)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
- 22.Freytag, G.: Technique of the Drama: An Exposition of Dramatic Composition and Art (1863)Google Scholar
- 23.Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A.: The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Levenshtein, V.I.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Soviet Physics Doklady 10(8), 707–710 (1966)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
- 25.Jaccard, P.: Étude comparative de la distribution florale dans une portion des Alpes et des Jura. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 37, 547–579 (1901) (in French)Google Scholar
- 26.Winkler, W.: String Comparator Metrics and Enhanced Decision Rules in the Fellegi-Sunter Model of Record Linkage. In: Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods (American Statistical Association), pp. 354–359 (1990)Google Scholar
- 27.Bída, M., Černý, M., Brom, C.: SimDate3D – Level Two. In: Koenitz, H., Sezen, T.I., Ferri, G., Haahr, M., Sezen, D., Çatak, G. (eds.) ICIDS 2013. LNCS, vol. 8230, pp. 128–131. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Google Scholar