Computer simulation of ski jumping based on wind tunnel data

  • Wolfram Müller
Part of the CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences book series (CISM, volume 506)

Abstract

The computer model of ski jumping described here considers the changing flight postures of the athlete. It is based on sets of wind tunnel data associated with the changing postures of the athlete during the flight. The computer modelling approach allows studying the impact of all variables, parameters, and initial conditions which determine the flight path — and thus the jump length — of a ski jumper. In addition, wind u (wind vector) in the vertical plane can be selected with any direction and speed. Insertion of the construction parameters of a given hill allows calculating jump lengths and also the landing impact (component of the moment perpendicular to the landing slope) as a function of jump length for the particular hill. The model enables the calculation of the flight path; the inverse approach starts out from flight path data and results in the time-funtions of the lift of drag forces and areas which can be used for a quantitative flight analysis.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. [1]
    R. Straumann. Vom Skiweitsprung und seiner Mechanik. In Jahrbuch des Schweizerischen Ski Verbandes, pages 34–64. Selbstverlag des SSV, 1927.Google Scholar
  2. [2]
    J. Denoth, S. M. Luethi and H. Gasser. Methodological problems in optimisation of the flight phase in ski jumping. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 3:404–418, 1987.Google Scholar
  3. [3]
    H. Koenig. Theorie des Skispringens angewandt auf die Flugschanze in Oberstdorf. In Uhrentechnische Forschung, pages 235–253. Steinkopf Verlag, 1952.Google Scholar
  4. [4]
    L. P. Remizov. Biomechanics of optimal flight in ski-jumping. Journal of Biomechanics, 17(3):167–171, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. [5]
    M. Hubbard, R.L. Hibbard, M. R. Yeadon, and A. Komor. A multisegment dynamic model of ski-jumping. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 5(2):258–274, 1989.Google Scholar
  6. [6]
    W. Müller, D. Platzer, and B. Schmölzer. Dynamics of human flight on skis: improvements on safety and fairness in ski jumping. Journal of Biomechanics, 29(8):1061–1068, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. [7]
    B. Schmölzer and W. Müller. The importance of being light: aerodynamic forces and weight in ski jumping. Journal of Biomechanics, 35(8):1059–1069, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. [8]
    B. Schmölzer and W. Müller. Individual flight styles in ski jumping results obtained during olympic games competitions. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(5):1055–1065, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. [9]
    E. Reisenberger, W. Meile, G. Brenn, and W. Müller. Aerodynamic behaviour of prismatic bodies with sharp and rounded edges. Experiments of fluids, 37(4):547–558, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. [10]
    O. Flachsbart. Messungen an ebenen und gewölbten Platten. In L. Prandtl and A. Betz, editors, Ergebnisse der Aerodynamischen Versuchsanstalt zu Göttingen, IV. Lieferung, pages 96–100. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1932.Google Scholar
  11. [11]
    B. Schmölzer and W. Müller. The influence of lift and drag on the jump length in ski jumping. In Book of Abstracts of the 1 st International Congress on Science and Skiing, page 274. Austrian Association of Sports Sciences (ÖSG), 1996.Google Scholar
  12. [12]
    W. Müller, editor. Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference and Symposia, Vancouver, Canada, August 21–24, 1996, 9th Biennial Conference: Canadian Society of Biomechanics. Canadian Society for Biomechanics, 1996.Google Scholar
  13. [13]
    M. Virmavirta, J. Isolehto, P. Komi, G.-P. Brüggemann, Müller E, and H. Schwameder. Characteristics of the early flight phase in the olympic ski jumping competition. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(11):2157–2163, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. [14]
    W. Müller, D. Platzer, and B. Schmölzer. Scientific approach to ski safety. Nature, 375:455, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. [15]
    W. Meile, E. Reisenberger, M. Mayer, B. Schmölzer, W. Müller, and G. Brenn. Aerodynamics of ski jumping: experiments and CFD simulations. Experiments of Fluids, 41(6):949–964, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. [16]
    W. Müller and B. Schmölzer. Computer simulated ski jumping: The tightrope walk to high performance. In World Congress Biomechanics (WCB), University of Calgary, Canada, Proceedings CD, 2002.Google Scholar
  17. [17]
    F. Vaverka, M. Janura, M. Elfmark, J. Salinger, and M. McPherson. Inter-and intra-individual variability of the ski-jumper’s take off. In E. Müller, H. Schwameder, E. Kornexl, and C. Rascher, editors. Science and Skiing, pages 61–71. E & FN Spon, 1997.Google Scholar
  18. [18]
    W. Müller. Body weight and performance in ski jumping: the low weight problem and a possible way to solve it. In Proceedings of the 7 th IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Athens, Greece page 43D, 2003.Google Scholar
  19. [19]
    W. Müller, W. Gröschl, R. Müller, and K. Sudi. Underweight in ski jumping: The solution of the problem. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27:926–934, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. [20]
    F. Vaverka. Somatic problems associated with the flight phase in ski-jumping. Studia i monografia AWF we Wroclawiv, 40:123–128, 1994.Google Scholar
  21. [21]
    F. Vaverka. Research reports, Olomouc. personal communication, 1987 and 1995.Google Scholar
  22. [22]
    W. Müller. A scientific approach to address the problem of underweight athletes: a case study of ski jumping. Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5 Supplement 1: 6th IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences 2002): 124, 2002.Google Scholar
  23. [23]
    W. Müller. Biomechanics of ski-jumping-Scientific jumping hill design. In E. Müller, H. Schwameder, E. Kornexl, and C. Rascher, editors, Science and Skiing, pages 36–48. E & FN Spon, 1997.Google Scholar
  24. [24]
    M. Böck and W. Müller. Flight trajectory analysis software (unpublished).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© CISM, Udine 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • Wolfram Müller
    • 1
  1. 1.Human Performance Research Graz, Karl-Franzens University and MedicalUniversity of GrazGrazAustria

Personalised recommendations