No Evidence of Neandertal mtDNA Contribution to Early Modern Humans

Abbott, A. (2003) Anthropologists cast doubt on human DNA evidence. Nature 423, 468Google Scholar

Adcock, G. J., Dennis, E. S., Easteal, S., Huttley, G. A., Jermiin, L. S., et al. (2001) Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98, 537–542CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, S., Bankier, A. T., Barrell, B. G., de Bruijn, M. H., Coulson, A. R., et al. (1981) Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature 290, 457–465CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M. and Wilson, A. C. (1987) Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature 325, 31–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caramelli, D., Lalueza-Fox, C., Vernesi, C., Lari, M., Casoli, A., et al. (2003) Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100, 6593–6597CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Duarte, C., Maurício, J., Pettitt, P. B., Souto, P., Trinkaus, E., van der Plicht, H. and Zilhão, J. (1999) The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96, 7604–7609CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Enflo, P., Hawks, K. and Wolpoff, M. (2001) A simple reason why Neanderthal ancestry can be consistent with current DNA information. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114, 62Google Scholar

Frayer, D. W. (1986) Cranial variation at Mladeč and the relationship between Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic Hominids. Anthropos 23, 243–256Google Scholar

Frayer, D. W. (1992) Evolution at the European edge: Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic relationships. Prehistoire Europeenne 2, 9–69Google Scholar

Hawks, J. D. and Wolpoff, M. H. (2001) The accretion model of Neandertal evolution. Evolution 55, 1474–1485Google Scholar

Hofreiter, M., Jaenicke, V., Serre, D., von Haeseler, A. and Pääbo, S. (2001a) DNA sequences from multiple amplifications reveal artifacts induced by cytosine deamination in ancient DNA. Nucleic Acids Research 29, 4793–4799CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hofreiter, M., Serre, D., Poinar, H. N., Kuch, M. and Pääbo, S. (2001b) Ancient DNA. Nature Reviews Genetics 2, 353–359CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ingman, M., Kaessmann, H., Pääbo, S. and Gyllensten, U. (2000) Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature 408, 708–713CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knight, A. (2003) The phylogenetic relationship of Neandertal and modern human mitochondrial DNAs based on informative nucleotide sites. Journal of Human Evolution 44, 627–632CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krings, M., Stone, A., Schmitz, R. W., Krainitzki, H., Stoneking, M., et al. (1997) Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cel 90, 19–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krings, M., Capelli, C., Tschentscher, F., Geisert, H., Meyer, S., et al. (2000) A view of Neandertal genetic diversity. Nature Genetics 26, 144–146CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nordborg, M. (1998) On the probability of Neanderthal ancestry. American Journal of Human Genetics 63, 1237–1240CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ovchinnikov, I. V., Gotherstrom, A., Romanova, G. P., Kharitonov, V. M., Liden, K., et al. (2000) Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus. Nature 404, 490–493CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Poinar, H. N., Hoss, M., Bada, J. L. and Pääbo, S. (1996) Amino acid racemization and the preservation of ancient DNA. Science 272, 864–866CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Relethford,. H. (1999) Models, predictions, and the fossil record of modern human origins. Evolutionary Anthropology 8, 7–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schmitz, R. W., Serre, D., Bonani, G., Feine, S., Hillgruber, F., et al. (2002) The Neandertal type site revisited: Interdisciplinary investigations of skeletal remains from the Neander Valley, Germany. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99, 13342–13347CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Serre, D., Langaney, A., Chech, M., Teschler-Nicola, M., Paunovic, M., Mennecier, P., Hofreiter, M., Possnert, G. and Pääbo, S. (2004) No evidence of Neandertal mtDNA contribution to early modern humans. Public Library of Science Biology 2(3), 313–317Google Scholar

Smith, F. H. (1984) Fossil hominids from the Upper Pleistocene of Central Europe and the origin of modern Europeans. In (F. Spencer, Ed.) The origins of modern humans: A world survey of the fossil evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss., pp. 137–210Google Scholar

Stringer, C. (2002) Modern human origins: Progress and prospects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 357, 563–579CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stringer, C. B. and Andrews, P. (1988) Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science 239,1263–1268CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tavare, S. (1984) Line-of-descent and genealogical processes, and their applications in population genetics models. Theoretical Population Biology 26,119–164CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Trinkaus, E. (2001) The Neandertal paradox. In (C. Finlayson, Ed.) Neanderthals and modern humans in late Pleistocene Eurasia. Gibraltar: The Gibraltar Museum, pp. 73–74Google Scholar

Underhill, P. A., Shen, P., Lin, A. A., Jin, L., Passarino, G., et al. (2000) Y-chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations. Nature Genetics 26, 358–361CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wall, J. (2000) Detecting ancient admixture in humans using sequence polymorphism data. Genetics 154, 1271–1279Google Scholar

Wandeler, P., Smith, S., Morin, P. A., Pettifor, R. A. and Funk, S. M. (2003) Patterns of nuclear DNA degeneration over time: A case study in historic teeth samples. Molecular Ecology 12, 1087–1093CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weidenreich, F. (1943) The “Neanderthal man” and the ancestors of “Homo sapiens”. American Anthropologist 45, 39–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wolpoff, M. H. (1999) Paleoanthropology. Boston: McGraw-HillGoogle Scholar

Wolpoff, M., Wu, X. and Thorne, A. G. (1984) Modern Homo sapiens origins: A general theory of hominid evolution involving the fossil evidence from East Asia. In (F. Spencer, Ed.) The origins of modern humans: A world survey of the fossil evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 411–483Google Scholar

Wolpoff, M. H., Hawks, J. and Caspari, R. (2000) Multiregional, not multiple origins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 112, 129–136CrossRefGoogle Scholar