Magnetic resonance functional mapping of cortical activation associated with differing sensorimotor hand paradigms

  • H. Boecker
  • J. Frahm
Chapter
Part of the Advances in Life Sciences book series (ALS)

Abstract

Gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (AM) sequences that emphasize contrasts due to localized changes in cerebral blood oxygenation (CBO) have been introduced as a new technique for noninvasive functional mapping of the human brain. The underlying physiology is a transient hyperoxygenation of the venous blood pool subsequent to a regional increase in cerebral blood flow surpassing oxygen consumption. This understanding has been confirmed by simultaneous recordings of MRI and near-infrared optical spectroscopy (Obrig et al., 1994). Previous work has demonstrated the unique potential of CBO-sensitized MRI to localize sites of functional brain activation at high spatial resolution similar to that of anatomic MR images (Frahm et al., 1993, Frahm et al., 1994). Moreover, using correlational analysis of AM signal time courses (Rogowska et al., 1992, Bandettini et al., 1993), recent applications were extended to evaluations of (dys-) functional cooperativity of distant brain sites within primary pathways and subcortical networks (e.g., see Kleinschmidt et al., 1994, Boecker et al., 1994a).

Keywords

Supplementary Motor Area Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Finding Ipsilateral Activation Tactile Exploration 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allison, T., McCarthy, G., Wood, C.C., Darcey, T.M., Spencer, D.D. and Williamson, P.D. (1989a) Human cortical potentials evoked by stimulation of the median nerve. I. Cytoarchitectonic areas generating short-latency activity.Journal of Neurophysiology62:694–710.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Allison, T., McCarthy, G., Wood, C.C., Williamson, P.D. and Spencer, D.D. (1989b) Human cortical potentials evoked by stimulation of the median nerve. II. Cytoarchitectonic areas generating long-latency activity.Journal of Neurophysiology62:711–722.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Bandettini, P.A., Jesmanowicz, A., Wong, E.C. and Hyde, J.S. (1993) Processing strategies for time-course data sets in functional MRI of the human brain.Magnetic Resonance in Medicine30:161–173.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Boecker, H., Kleinschmidt, A., Weindl, A., Conrad, B., Hänicke, W. and Frahm J. (1994a) Dysfunctional activation of subcortical nuclei in palatal myoclonus detected by high-resolution MRI.NMR in Biomedicine7:327–329.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Boecker, H., Kleinschmidt, A., Requardt, M., Hänicke, W., Merboldt, KD. and Frahm, J. (1994b) Functional cooperativity of human cortical motor areas during simple finger movements. A high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging study.Brain117:1231–1239.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Boecker, H., Khorram-Sefat, D., Kleinschmidt, A., Merboldt, K.D., Hänicke, W., Requardt, M. and Frahm, J. (1996) High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of cortical activation during tactile exploration.Human Brain Mapping3:000–000.Google Scholar
  7. Burton, H., Videen, T.O. and Raichle, M.E. (1993) Tactile-vibration-activated foci in insular and parietal-opercular cortex studied with positron emission tomography: mapping the second somatosensory area in humans.Somatosensory Motor Research10:297–308.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Colebatch, J.G., Deiber, M.R, Passingham, R.E., Friston, K.J. and Frackowiak, R.S.J. (1991) Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects.Journal of Neurophysiology65:1392–1401.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Fox, P.T., Fox, J.M., Raichle, M.E. and BUrde, R.M. (1985) The role of cerebral cortex in the generation of voluntary saccades: a positron emission tomographic study.Journal of Neurophysiology54:348–69.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Fox, P.T., Burton, H. and Raichle, M.E. (1987) Mapping human somatosensory cortex with positron emission tomography.Journal of Neurosurgery67:34–43.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Frahm, J., Merboldt, K.D. and Hänicke, W. (1993) Functional MRI of human brain activation at high spatial resolution.Magnetic Resonance in Medicine29:139–44.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Frahm, J., Merboldt, K.D., Hänicke, W., Kleinschmidt, A. and Boecker, H. (1994) Brain or vein — oxygenation or flow? On signal physiology in functional MRI of human brain activation.NMR in Biomedicine7:45–53.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Hari, R., Salmelin, R., Forss, N. and Knuutila J. (1993) Bilateral activation of the human somatomotor cortex by distal hand movements.Society of Neuroscience Abstracts19:1497.Google Scholar
  14. Iwamura, Y., Iriki, A., Tanaka, M. (1994) Bilateral hand representation in the postcentral somatosensory cortex.Nature369:554–556.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Kalaska, J.F., Cohen, D.A.D., Prud’homme, M. and Hyde, M.L. (1990) Parietal area 5 neuronal activity encodes movement kinematics, not movement dynamics.Experimental Brain Research80:351–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Killackey, HP., Gould, HJ., Cusick, C.G., Pons, T.P. and Kaas, J.H. (1983) The relation of corpus callosum connections to architectonic fields and body surface maps in sensorimotor cortex of new and old world monkeys.Journal of Comparative Neurology219:384–419.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Kim, S.G., Ashe, J., Georgopoulos, A.P., Merkle, H., Ellermann, J.M., Menon, R.S., Ogawa, S., Ugurbil, K. (1993a) Functional imaging of human motor cortex at high magnetic field.Journal of Neurophysiology69:297–302.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Kim, S.G., Ashe, J., Hendrich, K., Ellermann, J.M., Merkle, H., Ugurbil, K., Georgopoulos, A.P. (1993b) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of motor cortex: hemispheric asymmetry and handedness.Science261:615–7.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Kim, S.G., Tagaris, G., Hu, X., Menon, R.S., Strupp, J., Golub, A., Ugurbil, K., Ashe, J. (1994) Functional MRI of the lateral premotor area during simple and complex finger movements.Society of Neuroscience Abstracts20:1396.Google Scholar
  20. Kleinschmidt, A., Merboldt, K.D., Hänicke, W., Steinmetz, H. and Frahm, J. (1994) Correlational imaging of thalamocortical coupling in the primary visual pathway of the human brain.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism14: 952 – 957.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Kleinschmidt, A., Requardt, M., Merboldt, K.D., and Frahm, J. (1996) On the use of temporal correlation coefficients for magnetic resonance mapping of functional brain activation. Individualized thresholds and spatial response delineation.International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 000–000.Google Scholar
  22. Obrig, H., Kleinschmidt, A., Merboldt, KD., Dirnagl, U, Frahm, J., Villringer, A. (1994) Monitoring of cerebral blood oxygenation during human brain activation by simultaneous high-resolution MRI and near-infrared spectroscopy. 2nd Annual Meeting, Society of Magnetic Resonance, Book of Abstracts p. 67.Google Scholar
  23. Orgogozo, J.M. and Larsen, B. (1979) Activation of the supplementary motor area during voluntary movement in man suggests it works as a supramotor area.Science206:847–50.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. O’Sullivan, B.T., Roland, P.E. and Kawashima, R. (1994) A PET study of somatosensory discrimination in man. Microgeometry versus macrogeometry.European Journal of Neuroscience6:137–148.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Pause, M., Kunesch, E., Binkofski, E., Freund, H.J. (1989) Sensorimotor disturbances in patients with lesions of the parietal cortex.Brain112:1599–1625.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Rao, S.M., Binder, J.R., Bandettini, P.A., Hammeke, TA., Yetkin, F.Z., Jesmanowicz, A., Lisk, L.M., Morris, G.L., Mueller, W.M., Estkowski, L.D., Wong, E.C., Haughton, V.M., Hyde, J.S. (1993) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of complex human movements.Neurology43:2311–2318.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Rogowska, J., Hamberg, L.M., Hunter, G.J., Aronen, H.J. and Wolf, G.L. (1992) Biological application of correlation maps to the analysis of dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI series data. Eleventh Annual Meeting, Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Book of Abstracts p. 477.Google Scholar
  28. Roland, P.E., Larsen, B., Lassen, N.A. and Skinhøj, E. (1980) Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man.Journal of Neurophysiology43:118–36.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Roland, P.E. (1987) Somatosensory detection of microgeometry, macrogeometry and kinesthesia after localized lesions of the cerebral hemispheres in man.Brain Research Reviews12:43–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Seitz, R.J., Roland, P.E., Bohm, C, Greitz, T. and Stone-Elander, S. (1991) Somatosensory discrimination of shape: tactile exploration and cerebral activation.European Journal of Neuroscience3:481–492.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Shibasaki, H., Sadato, N., Lyshkow, H., Yonekura, Y., Honda, M., Nagamine, T., Suwazono, S., Magata, Y., Ikeda, A., Miyazaki, M. Fukuyama, H., Asato, R., Konishi, J. (1993) Both primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area play an important role in complex finger movement.Brain116:1387–98.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Birkhäuser Verlag Basel/Switzerland 1996

Authors and Affiliations

  • H. Boecker
    • 2
  • J. Frahm
    • 1
  1. 1.Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbHGöttingenGermany
  2. 2.Neurologische KlinikTechnischen Universität MünchenMünchenGermany

Personalised recommendations