Skip to main content

Learning Without Forgetting for 3D Point Cloud Objects

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Computational Intelligence (IWANN 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 12861))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

When we fine-tune a well-trained deep learning model for a new set of classes, the network learns new concepts but gradually forgets the knowledge of old training. In some real-life applications, we may be interested in learning new classes without forgetting the capability of previous experience. Such learning without forgetting problem is often investigated using 2D image recognition tasks. In this paper, considering the growth of depth camera technology, we address the same problem for the 3D point cloud object data. This problem becomes more challenging in the 3D domain than 2D because of the unavailability of large datasets and powerful pretrained backbone models. We investigate knowledge distillation techniques on 3D data to reduce catastrophic forgetting of the previous training. Moreover, we improve the distillation process by using semantic word vectors of object classes. We observe that exploring the interrelation of old and new knowledge during training helps to learn new concepts without forgetting old ones. Experimenting on three 3D point cloud recognition backbones (PointNet, DGCNN, and PointConv) and synthetic (ModelNet40, ModelNet10) and real scanned (ScanObjectNN) datasets, we establish new baseline results on learning without forgetting for 3D data. This research will instigate many future works in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Codes are available at: https://github.com/townim-faisal/lwf-3D.

References

  1. Aljundi, R., Babiloni, F., Elhoseiny, M., Rohrbach, M., Tuytelaars, T.: Memory aware synapses: learning what (not) to forget. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aljundi, R., Chakravarty, P., Tuytelaars, T.: Expert gate: lifelong learning with a network of experts. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Castro, F.M., Marín-Jiménez, M.J., Guil, N., Schmid, C., Alahari, K.: End-to-end incremental learning. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cheraghian, A., Rahman, S., Fang, P., Roy, S.K., Petersson, L., Harandi, M.: Semantic-aware knowledge distillation for few-shot class-incremental learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cheraghian, A., Rahman, S., Chowdhury, T.F., Campbell, D., Petersson, L.: Zero-shot learning on 3D point cloud objects and beyond. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04980 (2021)

  6. Goodfellow, I.J., Mirza, M., Xiao, D., Courville, A., Bengio, Y.: An empirical investigation of catastrophic forgetting in gradient-based neural networks. In: 2nd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2014 - Conference Track Proceedings (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Guo, Y., Wang, H., Hu, Q., Liu, H., Liu, L., Bennamoun, M.: Deep learning for 3D point clouds: a survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hinton, G., Vinyals, O., Dean, J.: Distilling the knowledge in a neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.02531 (2015)

  9. Hou, S., Pan, X., Loy, C.C., Wang, Z., Lin, D.: Learning a unified classifier incrementally via rebalancing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Komarichev, A., Zhong, Z., Hua, J.: A-CNN: annularly convolutional neural networks on point clouds. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Li, Y., Bu, R., Sun, M., Wu, W., Di, X., Chen, B.: Pointcnn: Convolution on x-transformed points. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Li, Z., Hoiem, D.: Learning without forgetting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40(12), 2935–2947 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mallya, A., Lazebnik, S.: Packnet: adding multiple tasks to a single network by iterative pruning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2018

    Google Scholar 

  14. Maturana, D., Scherer, S.: Voxnet: a 3D convolutional neural network for real-time object recognition. In: IROS (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  15. McCloskey, M., Cohen, N.J.: Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks: the sequential learning problem. Psychol. Learn. Motiv. - Adv. Res. Theor. 24, 109–165(1989)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G.S., Dean, J.: Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. In: Burges, C.J.C., Bottou, L., Welling, M., Ghahramani, Z., Weinberger, K.Q. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 26, pp. 3111–3119. Curran Associates, Inc. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ostapenko, O., Puscas, M., Klein, T., Jahnichen, P., Nabi, M.: Learning to remember: a synaptic plasticity driven framework for continual learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: EMNLP (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Qi, C.R., Su, H., Mo, K., Guibas, L.J.: Pointnet: deep learning on point sets for 3D classification and segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Qi, C.R., Su, H., Nießner, M., Dai, A., Yan, M., Guibas, L.J.: Volumetric and multi-view CNNs for object classification on 3D data. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Qi, C.R., Yi, L., Su, H., Guibas, L.J.: Pointnet++ deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Quattoni, A., Torralba, A.: Recognizing indoor scenes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rahman, S., Khan, S., Barnes, N.: Transductive learning for zero-shot object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), October 2019

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rahman, S., Khan, S., Barnes, N., Khan, F.S.: Any-shot object detection. In: Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rahman, S., Khan, S.H., Porikli, F.: Zero-shot object detection: joint recognition and localization of novel concepts. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 128(12), 2979–2999 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rebuffi, S.A., Kolesnikov, A., Sperl, G., Lampert, C.H.: iCaRL: incremental classifier and representation learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Russakovsky, O., et al.: ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vis. (IJCV) 115(3), 211–252 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Shin, H., Lee, J.K., Kim, J., Kim, J.: Continual learning with deep generative replay. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Simonovsky, M., Komodakis, N.: Dynamic edge-conditioned filters in convolutional neural networks on graphs. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In: Bengio, Y., LeCun, Y. (eds.) 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015, San Diego, CA, USA, May 7–9, 2015, Conference Track Proceedings (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Su, H., Maji, S., Kalogerakis, E., Learned-Miller, E.: Multi-view convolutional neural networks for 3D shape recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 945–953 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Uy, M.A., Pham, Q.H., Hua, B.S., Nguyen, T., Yeung, S.K.: Revisiting point cloud classification: a new benchmark dataset and classification model on real-world data. In: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision ( ICCV) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Wah, C., Branson, S., Perona, P., Belongie, S.: Multiclass recognition and part localization with humans in the loop. In: International Conference on Computer Vision ( ICCV) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wang, P.S., Liu, Y., Guo, Y.X., Sun, C.Y., Tong, X.: O-CNN: octree-based convolutional neural networks for 3D shape analysis. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 36(4), 1–11 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, Z., Sarma, S.E., Bronstein, M.M., Solomon, J.M.: Dynamic graph CNN for learning on point clouds. ACM Trans. Graph. (tog) 38(5), 1–12 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wu, C., Herranz, L., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Van De Weijer, J., Raducanu, B.: Memory replay Gans: learning to generate images from new categories without forgetting. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wu, W., Qi, Z., Fuxin, L.: PointCONV: deep convolutional networks on 3D point clouds. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Wu, Z., et al.: 3D ShapeNets: a deep representation for volumetric shapes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Xian, Y., Lampert, C.H., Schiele, B., Akata, Z.: Zero-shot learning-a comprehensive evaluation of the good, the bad and the ugly. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 41(9), 2251–2265 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Yang, Z., Wang, L.: Learning relationships for multi-view 3D object recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zhang, J., et al.: Class-incremental learning via deep model consolidation. In: Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Zhu, C., Chen, F., Ahmed, U., Savvides, M.: Semantic relation reasoning for shot-stable few-shot object detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.01903 (2021)

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by NSU CTRG 2020–2021 grant #CTRG-20/SEPS/04.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shafin Rahman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Chowdhury, T., Jalisha, M., Cheraghian, A., Rahman, S. (2021). Learning Without Forgetting for 3D Point Cloud Objects. In: Rojas, I., Joya, G., Català, A. (eds) Advances in Computational Intelligence. IWANN 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12861. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85030-2_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85030-2_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85029-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85030-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics