Abstract
Membrane compartments are amongst the most fascinating markers of cell evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, some being conserved and the others having emerged via a series of primary and secondary endosymbiosis events. Membrane compartments comprise the system limiting cells (one or two membranes in bacteria, a unique plasma membrane in eukaryotes) and a variety of internal vesicular, subspherical, tubular, or reticulated organelles. In eukaryotes, the internal membranes comprise on the one hand the general endomembrane system, a dynamic network including organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nuclear envelope, etc. and also the plasma membrane, which are linked via direct lateral connectivity (e.g. between the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear outer envelope membrane) or indirectly via vesicular trafficking. On the other hand, semi-autonomous organelles, i.e. mitochondria and chloroplasts, are disconnected from the endomembrane system and request vertical transmission following cell division. Membranes are organized as lipid bilayers in which proteins are embedded. The budding of some of these membranes, leading to the formation of the so-called lipid droplets (LDs) loaded with hydrophobic molecules, most notably triacylglycerol, is conserved in all clades. The evolution of eukaryotes is marked by the acquisition of mitochondria and simple plastids from Gram-positive bacteria by primary endosymbiosis events and the emergence of extremely complex plastids, collectively called secondary plastids, bounded by three to four membranes, following multiple and independent secondary endosymbiosis events. There is currently no consensus view of the evolution of LDs in the Tree of Life. Some features are conserved; others show a striking level of diversification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the architecture, dynamics, and multitude of functions of the lipid droplets in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes deriving from primary and secondary endosymbiosis events.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abe T, Kobayashi T, Saito T (2005) Properties of a novel intracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase with high specific activity (PhaZd) in Wautersia eutropha H16. J Bacteriol 187:6982–6990
Abell BM, Holbrook LA, Abenes M, Murphy DJ, Hills MJ, Moloney MM (1997) Role of the proline knot motif in oleosin endoplasmic reticulum topology and oil body targeting. Plant Cell 9(8):1481–1493. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.8.1481
Acevedo F, Rubilar M, Shene C, Navarrete P, Romero F, Rabert C, Jolivet P, Valot B, Chardot T (2012) Seed oil bodies from Gevuina avellana and Madia sativa. J Agric Food Chem 60:6994–7004
Agarwal AK et al (2002) AGPAT2 is mutated in congenital generalized lipodystrophy linked to chromosome 9q34. Nat Genet 31:21
Aizaki H, Lee K-J, Sung VMH, Ishiko H, Lai MMC (2004) Characterization of the hepatitis C virus RNA replication complex associated with lipid rafts. Virology 324:450–461
Alvarez HM (2016) Triacylglycerol and wax ester-accumulating machinery in prokaryotes. Biochimie 120:28–39
Alvarez H, Steinbüchel A (2002) Triacylglycerols in prokaryotic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 60:367–376
Anderson AJ, Dawes EA (1990) Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microbiol Rev 54:450–472
Archibald JM, Keeling PJ (2002) Recycled plastids: a ‘green movement’ in eukaryotic evolution. Trends Genet 18:577–584
Arrese EL, Rivera L, Masakazu H, Mirza S, Hartson SD, Weintraub S, Soulages JL (2008) Function and structure of lipid storage droplet protein 1 studied in lipoprotein complexes. Arch Biochem Biophys 473:42–47
Athenstaedt K, Zweytick D, Jandrositz A, Kohlwein SD, Daum G (1999) Identification and characterization of major lipid particle proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 181:6441–6448
Athenstaedt K, Jolivet P, Boulard C, Zivy M, Negroni L, Nicaud J-M, Chardot T (2006) Lipid particle composition of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica depends on the carbon source. Proteomics 6:1450–1459
Barka F, Angstenberger M, Ahrendt T, Lorenzen W, Bode HB, Büchel C (2016) Identification of a triacylglycerol lipase in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861:239–248
Bartz R, Li W-H, Venables B, Zehmer JK, Roth MR, Welti R, Anderson RGW, Liu P, Chapman KD (2007) Lipidomics reveals that adiposomes store ether lipids and mediate phospholipid traffic. J Lipid Res 48:837–847
Baud S, Dichow NR, Kelemen Z, D’andréa S, To A, Berger N, Canonge M, Kronenberger J, Viterbo D, Dubreucq B, Lepiniec L, Chardot T, Miquel M (2009) Regulation of HSD1 in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 50:1463–1478
Beck R, Ravet M, Wieland FT, Cassel D (2009) The COPI system: molecular mechanisms and function. FEBS Lett 583:2701–2709
Beilstein F et al (2013) Proteomic analysis of lipid droplets from Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes identifies novel modulators of lipid secretion. PLoS One 8(1):e53017
Beller M, Riedel D, Jänsch L, Dieterich G, Wehland J, Jäckle H, Kühnlein RP (2006) Characterization of the Drosophila lipid droplet subproteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 5:1082–1094
Beller M, Sztalryd C, Southall N, Bell M, Jäckle H, Auld DS, Oliver B (2008) COPI complex is a regulator of lipid homeostasis. PLoS Biol 6:e292
Beller M, Bulankina AV, Hsiao H-H, Urlaub H, Jäckle H, Kühnlein RP (2010) PERILIPIN-dependent control of lipid droplet structure and fat storage in drosophila. Cell Metab 12:521–532
Bendif EM, Probert I, Schroeder DC, De Vargas C (2013) On the description of Tisochrysis lutea gen. nov. sp. nov. and Isochrysis nuda sp. nov. in the Isochrysidales, and the transfer of Dicrateria to the Prymnesiales (Haptophyta). J Appl Phycol 25:1763–1776
Bersuker K, Olzmann JA (2017) Establishing the lipid droplet proteome: mechanisms of lipid droplet protein targeting and degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1862:1166–1177
Berthelot K, Lecomte S, Estevez Y, Zhendre V, Henry S, Thévenot J, Dufourc EJ, Alves ID, Peruch F (2014) Rubber particle proteins, HbREF and HbSRPP, show different interactions with model membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1838:287–299
Bi J, Xiang Y, Chen H, Liu Z, Grönke S, Kühnlein RP, Huang X (2012) Opposite and redundant roles of the two Drosophila perilipins in lipid mobilization. J Cell Sci 125:3568
Bi K et al (2016) Integrated omics study of lipid droplets from Plasmodiophora brassicae. Sci Rep 6:36965–36965
Bickel PE, Tansey JT, Welte MA (2009) PAT proteins, an ancient family of lipid droplet proteins that regulate cellular lipid stores. Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:419–440
Bigogno C et al (2002) Biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in the oleaginous microalga Parietochloris incisa (Chlorophyceae): radiolabeling studies. Lipids 37(2):209–216
Bindesbøll C et al (2013) Fatty acids regulate perilipin5 in muscle by activating PPARδ. J Lipid Res 54(7):1949–1963
Blouin CM et al (2010) Lipid droplet analysis in caveolin-deficient adipocytes: alterations in surface phospholipid composition and maturation defects. J Lipid Res 51(5):945–956
Bouchoux J et al (2011) The proteome of cytosolic lipid droplets isolated from differentiated Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes reveals cell-specific characteristics. Biol Cell 103(Pt 11):499–517
Boyer A, Dumans A, Beaumont E, Etienne L, Roingeard P, Meunier J-C (2014) The association of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with apolipoproteins E and B early in assembly is conserved in lipoviral particles. J Biol Chem 289:18904–18913
Brasaemle DL et al (2004) Proteomic analysis of proteins associated with lipid droplets of basal and lipolytically stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 279(45):46835–46842
Brasaemle DL, Wolins NE (2016) Isolation of lipid droplets from cells by density gradient centrifugation. Curr Protoc Cell Biol 72:3.15.11–13.15.13
Bréhélin C, Kessler F, Van Wijk KJ (2007) Plastoglobules: versatile lipoprotein particles in plastids. Trends Plant Sci 12:260–266
Bresan S, Sznajder A, Hauf W, Forchhammer K, Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D (2016) Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules have no phospholipids. Sci Rep 6:26612
Brocard L, Immel F, Coulon D, Esnay N, Tuphile K, Pascal S, Claverol S, Fouillen L, Bessoule J-J, Bréhélin C (2017) Proteomic analysis of lipid droplets from Arabidopsis aging leaves brings new insight into their biogenesis and functions. Front Plant Sci 8:894
Bussell R, Eliezer D (2003) A structural and functional role for 11-mer repeats in α-synuclein and other exchangeable lipid binding proteins. J Mol Biol 329:763–778
Cai Y, Goodman JM, Pyc M, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD (2015) Arabidopsis SEIPIN proteins modulate triacylglycerol accumulation and influence lipid droplet proliferation. Plant Cell 27:2616–2636
Caire-Brändli I, Papadopoulos A, Malaga W, Marais D, Canaan S, Thilo L, De Chastellier C (2014) Reversible lipid accumulation and associated division arrest of mycobacterium avium in lipoprotein-induced foamy macrophages may resemble key events during latency and reactivation of tuberculosis. Infect Immun 82:476–490
Camus G, Herker E, Modi AA, Haas JT, Ramage HR, Farese RV, Ott M (2013) Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 localizes hepatitis C virus NS5A protein to lipid droplets and enhances NS5A interaction with the viral capsid core. J Biol Chem 288:9915–9923
Castorena KM, Stapleford KA, Miller DJ (2010) Complementary transcriptomic, lipidomic, and targeted functional genetic analyses in cultured Drosophila cells highlight the role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in Flock House virus RNA replication. BMC Genomics 11:183–183
Cavalier-Smith T (1986) The kingdom Chromista: origin and systematics. Biopress, Bristol
Cavalier-Smith T (2018) Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences. Protoplasma 255:297–357
Cermelli S, Guo Y, Gross SP, Welte MA (2006) The lipid-droplet proteome reveals that droplets are a protein-storage depot. Curr Biol 16:1783–1795
Chanarin I et al (1975) Neutral-lipid storage disease: a new disorder of lipid metabolism. Br Med J 1(5957):553–555
Chang BH-J, Li L, Paul A, Taniguchi S, Nannegari V, Heird WC, Chan L (2006) Protection against fatty liver but normal adipogenesis in mice lacking adipose differentiation-related protein. Mol Cell Biol 26:1063–1076
Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT (2012) Biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in plants: thematic review series: lipid droplet synthesis and metabolism: from yeast to man. J Lipid Res 53:215–226
Chawla A et al (2003) PPARδ is a very low-density lipoprotein sensor in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(3):1268–1273
Chen JC, Tsai CC, Tzen JT (1999) Cloning and secondary structure analysis of caleosin, a unique calcium-binding protein in oil bodies of plant seeds. Plant Cell Physiol 40:1079–1086
Chen Z, Du S, Fang S (2012) gp78: a multifaceted ubiquitin ligase that integrates a unique protein degradation pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum. Curr Protein Pept Sci 13:414–424
Chen W, Chang B, Wu X, Li L, Sleeman M, Chan L (2013) Inactivation of Plin4 downregulates Plin5 and reduces cardiac lipid accumulation in mice. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 304:E770–E779
Chen Y, Ding Y, Yang L, Yu J, Liu G, Wang X, Zhang S, Yu D, Song L, Zhang H, Zhang C, Huo L, Huo C, Wang Y, Du Y, Zhang H, Zhang P, Na H, Xu S, Zhu Y, Xie Z, He T, Zhang Y, Wang G, Fan Z, Yang F, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang MQ, Li Y, Steinbüchel A, Fujimoto T, Cichello S, Yu J, Liu P (2014) Integrated omics study delineates the dynamics of lipid droplets in Rhodococcus opacus PD630. Nucleic Acids Res 42:1052–1064
Cho SY et al (2007) Identification of mouse Prp19p as a lipid droplet-associated protein and its possible involvement in the biogenesis of lipid droplets. J Biol Chem 282(4):2456–2465
Choi K, Kim H, Kang H, Lee S-Y, Lee SJ, Back SH, Lee SH, Kim MS, Lee JE, Park JY, Kim J, Kim S, Song J-H, Choi Y, Lee S, Lee H-J, Kim JH, Cho S (2014) Regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 protein stability by gp78-associated endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation. FEBS J 281:3048–3060
Choudhary V, Golden A, Prinz WA (2016) Keeping FIT, storing fat: lipid droplet biogenesis. Worm 5:e1170276
Chughtai AA, Kaššák F, Kostrouchová M, Novotný JP, Krause MW, Saudek V, Kostrouch Z, Kostrouchová M (2015) Perilipin-related protein regulates lipid metabolism in C. elegans. PeerJ 3:e1213
Chung J, Wu X, Lambert TJ, Lai ZW, Walther TC, Farese RV (2019) LDAF1 and seipin form a lipid droplet assembly complex. Dev Cell 51:551–563.e557
Crunk AE et al (2013) Dynamic regulation of hepatic lipid droplet properties by diet. PLoS One 8(7):e67631
Cui S, Hayashi Y, Otomo M, Mano S, Oikawa K, Hayashi M, Nishimura M (2016) Sucrose production mediated by lipid metabolism suppresses physical interaction of peroxisomes and oil bodies during germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 291:19734–19745
Czabany T, Wagner A, Zweytick D, Lohner K, Leitner E, Ingolic E, Daum G (2008) Structural and biochemical properties of lipid particles from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 283:17065–17074
Dahlhoff M et al (2015) Characterization of the sebocyte lipid droplet proteome reveals novel potential regulators of sebaceous lipogenesis. Exp Cell Res 332(1):146–155
Dalen KT et al (2007) LSDP5 is a PAT protein specifically expressed in fatty acid oxidizing tissues. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1771(2):210–227
D’avila H, Freire-De-Lima CG, Roque NR, Teixeira L, Barja-Fidalgo C, Silva AR, Melo RCN, Dosreis GA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Bozza PT (2011) Host cell lipid bodies triggered by Trypanosoma cruzi infection and enhanced by the uptake of apoptotic cells are associated with prostaglandin E2 generation and increased parasite growth. J Infect Dis 204:951–961
D’andrea S (2016) Lipid droplet mobilization: the different ways to loosen the purse strings. Biochimie 120:17–27
Davidi L, Katz A, Pick U (2012) Characterization of major lipid droplet proteins from Dunaliella. Planta 236:19–33
Davidi L, Levin Y, Ben-Dor S, Pick U (2015) Proteome analysis of cytoplasmatic and plastidic β-carotene lipid droplets in Dunaliella bardawil. Plant Physiol 167:60–79
Dellero Y, Cagnac O, Rose S, Seddiki K, Cussac M, Morabito C, Lupette J, Aiese Cigliano R, Sanseverino W, Kuntz M, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Rébeillé F, Amato A (2018a) Proposal of a new thraustochytrid genus Hondaea gen. nov. and comparison of its lipid dynamics with the closely related pseudo-cryptic genus Aurantiochytrium. Algal Res 35:125–141
Dellero Y, Rose S, Metton C, Morabito C, Lupette J, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Rébeillé F, Amato A (2018b) Ecophysiology and lipid dynamics of a eukaryotic mangrove decomposer. Environ Microbiol 20:3057–3068
Den Brok MH, Raaijmakers TK, Collado-Camps E, Adema GJ (2018) Lipid droplets as immune modulators in myeloid cells. Trends Immunol 39:380–392
Dennis D et al (1998) Formation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by PHA synthase from Ralstonia eutropha. J Biotechnol 64(2):177–186
Dias-Lopes G, Borges-Veloso A, Saboia-Vahia L, Padrón G, De Faria Castro CL, Guimarães ACR, Britto C, Cuervo P, De Jesus JB (2016) Proteomics reveals major components of oogenesis in the reproductive tract of sugar-fed Anopheles aquasalis. Parasitol Res 115:1977–1989
Ding Y, Wu Y, Zeng R, Liao K (2012a) Proteomic profiling of lipid droplet-associated proteins in primary adipocytes of normal and obese mouse. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 44:394–406
Ding Y, Yang L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Du Y, Pu J, Peng G, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yu J, Hang H, Wu P, Yang F, Yang H, Steinbüchel A, Liu P (2012b) Identification of the major functional proteins of prokaryotic lipid droplets. J Lipid Res 53:399–411
Dorfman ML et al (1974) Ichthyosiform dermatosis with systemic lipidosis. Arch Dermatol 110(2):261–266
Du X, Barisch C, Paschke P, Herrfurth C, Bertinetti O, Pawolleck N, Otto H, Rühling H, Feussner I, Herberg FW, Maniak M (2013) Dictyostelium lipid droplets host novel proteins. Eukaryot Cell 12:1517–1529
Edvardsson U et al (2006) PPARα activation increases triglyceride mass and adipose differentiation-related protein in hepatocytes. J Lipid Res 47(2):329–340
Eggers J, Steinbüchel A (2013) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) degradation in Ralstonia eutropha H16 is mediated stereoselectively to (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme a (CoA) via crotonyl-CoA. J Bacteriol 195:3213–3223
Eichmann TO et al (2015) ATGL and CGI-58 are lipid droplet proteins of the hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6. J Lipid Res 56(10):1972–1984
Faucher P, Poitou C (2016) Physiopathologie de l’obésité. Rev Rhum Monogr 83:6–12
Fei W, Shui G, Gaeta B, Du X, Kuerschner L, Li P, Brown AJ, Wenk MR, Parton RG, Yang H (2008) Fld1p, a functional homologue of human seipin, regulates the size of lipid droplets in yeast. J Cell Biol 180:473–482
Footitt S, Slocombe SP, Larner V, Kurup S, Wu Y, Larson T, Graham I, Baker A, Holdsworth M (2002) Control of germination and lipid mobilization by COMATOSE, the Arabidopsis homologue of human ALDP. EMBO J 21:2912–2922
Frandsen G, Müller-Uri F, Nielsen M, Mundy J, Skriver K (1996) Novel plant Ca-binding protein expressed in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. J Biol Chem 271:343–348
Fujimoto Y et al (2004) Identification of major proteins in the lipid droplet-enriched fraction isolated from the human hepatocyte cell line HuH7. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol Cell Res 1644(1):47–59
Füssy Z, Oborník M (2018) Complex Endosymbioses I: from primary to complex plastids, multiple independent events. In: Maréchal E (ed) Plastids: methods and protocols. Springer US, New York, NY, pp 17–35
Gaunt ER, Zhang Q, Cheung W, Wakelam MJO, Lever AML, Desselberger U (2013) Lipidome analysis of rotavirus-infected cells confirms the close interaction of lipid droplets with viroplasms. J Gen Virol 94:1576–1586
Georgieva D, Schmitt V, Leal-Calderon F, Langevin D (2009) On the possible role of surface elasticity in emulsion stability. Langmuir 25:5565–5573
Gerngross TU, Reilly P, Stubbe J, Sinskey AJ, Peoples OP (1993) Immunocytochemical analysis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16: localization of the synthase enzyme at the surface of PHB granules. J Bacteriol 175:5289–5293
Ghosh AK, Ramakrishnan G, Chandramohan C, Rajasekharan R (2008) CGI-58, the causative gene for Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, mediates acylation of lysophosphatidic acid. J Biol Chem 283:24525–24533
Gidda SK, Park S, Pyc M, Yurchenko O, Cai Y, Wu P, Andrews DW, Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT (2016) Lipid droplet-associated proteins (LDAPs) are required for the dynamic regulation of neutral lipid compartmentation in plant cells. Plant Physiol 170:2052–2071
Gocze PM, Freeman DA (1994) Factors underlying the variability of lipid droplet fluorescence in MA-10 leydig tumor cells. Cytometry 17:151–158
Gong J, Sun Z, Wu L, Xu W, Schieber N, Xu D, Shui G, Yang H, Parton RG, Li P (2011) Fsp27 promotes lipid droplet growth by lipid exchange and transfer at lipid droplet contact sites. J Cell Biol 195:953–963
Goold H, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y (2015) Microalgal lipid droplets: composition, diversity, biogenesis and functions. Plant Cell Rep 34:545–555
Grahn THM, Zhang Y, Lee M-J, Sommer AG, Mostoslavsky G, Fried SK, Greenberg AS, Puri V (2013) FSP27 and PLIN1 interaction promotes the formation of large lipid droplets in human adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 432:296–301
Granneman JG, Moore H-PH, Krishnamoorthy R, Rathod M (2009) Perilipin controls lipolysis by regulating the interactions of AB-hydrolase containing 5 (Abhd5) and adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl). J Biol Chem 284:34538–34544
Granneman JG, Kimler VA, Zhang H, Ye X, Luo X, Postlethwait JH, Thummel R (2017) Lipid droplet biology and evolution illuminated by the characterization of a novel perilipin in teleost fish. elife 6:e21771
Greenspan P, Mayer EP, Fowler SD (1985) Nile red: a selective fluorescent stain for intracellular lipid droplets. J Cell Biol 100:965–973
Greenberg AS et al (1991) Perilipin, a major hormonally regulated adipocyte-specific phosphoprotein associated with the periphery of lipid storage droplets. J Biol Chem 266(17):11341–11346
Grillitsch K, Connerth M, Köfeler H, Arrey TN, Rietschel B, Wagner B, Karas M, Daum G (2011) Lipid particles/droplets of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revisited: lipidome meets proteome. Biochim Biophys Acta 1811:1165–1176
Gromova M, Guillermo A, Bayle P-A, Bardet M (2015) In vivo measurement of the size of oil bodies in plant seeds using a simple and robust pulsed field gradient NMR method. Eur Biophys J 44:121–129
Guo Y, Walther TC, Rao M, Stuurman N, Goshima G, Terayama K, Wong JS, Vale RD, Walter P, Farese RV (2008) Functional genomic screen reveals genes involved in lipid-droplet formation and utilization. Nature 453:657–661
Guo B, Lei C, Ito T, Yaxiaer Y, Kobayashi H, Jiang Y, Tanaka Y, Ozeki Y, Goda K (2017) High-throughput label-free screening of euglena gracilis with optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscopy. SPIE BiOS 12
Gupta P, Kaur G (2005) Chanarin Dorfman syndrome neonatal diagnosis and 3-year follow-up. Indian Pediatr 42:1054–1055
Hagel JM, Yeung EC, Facchini PJ (2008) Got milk? The secret life of laticifers. Trends Plant Sci 13:631–639
Han J et al (2007) Molecular characterization of the phaEC(Hm) genes, required for biosynthesis of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) in the extremely halophilic archaeon haloarcula marismortui. Appl Environ Microbiol 73(19):6058–6065
Hanano A, Burcklen M, Flenet M, Ivancich A, Louwagie M, Garin J, Blée E (2006) Plant seed peroxygenase is an original heme-oxygenase with an EF-hand calcium binding motif. J Biol Chem 281:33140–33151
Harchouni S, Field B, Menand B (2018) AC-202, a highly effective fluorophore for the visualization of lipid droplets in green algae and diatoms. Biotechnol Biofuels 11:120
Hayashi YK et al (2009) Human PTRF mutations cause secondary deficiency of caveolins resulting in muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy. J Clin Invest 119(9):2623–2633
Haywood GW, Anderson AJ, Dawes EA (1989) The importance of PHB-synthase substrate specificity in polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by Alcaligenes eutrophus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 57:1–6
Hehlert P, Hofferek V, Heier C, Eichmann TO, Riedel D, Rosenberg J, Takaćs A, Nagy HM, Oberer M, Zimmermann R, Kühnlein RP (2019) The α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 4- and 5-related phospholipase Pummelig controls energy storage in Drosophila. J Lipid Res 60:1365–1378
Henne WM, Reese ML, Goodman JM (2018) The assembly of lipid droplets and their roles in challenged cells. EMBO J 37
Hickenbottom SJ et al (2004) Structure of a lipid droplet protein: the PAT family member TIP47. Structure 12(7):1199–1207
Horn PJ, James CN, Gidda SK, Kilaru A, Dyer JM, Mullen RT, Ohlrogge JB, Chapman KD (2013) Identification of a new class of lipid droplet-associated proteins in plants. Plant Physiol 162:1926–1936
Houten SM, Wanders RJA (2010) A general introduction to the biochemistry of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis 33:469–477
Hsieh K, Huang AHC (2004) Endoplasmic reticulum, oleosins, and oils in seeds and tapetum cells. Plant Physiol 136:3427–3434
Hu X, Binns D, Reese ML (2017) The coccidian parasites Toxoplasma and Neospora dysregulate mammalian lipid droplet biogenesis. J Biol Chem 292:11009–11020
Huang AH (1996) Oleosins and oil bodies in seeds and other organs. Plant Physiol 110:1055–1061
Huang AHC (2018) Plant lipid droplets and their associated proteins: potential for rapid advances ([OPEN]). Plant Physiol 176:1894–1918
Huang M-D, Huang AHC (2015) Bioinformatics reveal five lineages of oleosins and the mechanism of lineage evolution related to structure/function from green algae to seed plants. Plant Physiol 169:453–470
Hubert F, Poisson L, Loiseau C, Gauvry L, Pencréac’h G, Hérault J, Ergan F (2017) Lipids and lipolytic enzymes of the microalga Isochrysis galbana. OCL 24:D407
Ikari N, Shimizu A, Asano T (2018) Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in Japan: a case report of siblings and a literature review of cases in Japan. J Nippon Med Sch 85:131–137
Imai Y, Varela GM, Jackson MB, Graham MJ, Crooke RM, Ahima RS (2007) Reduction of hepatosteatosis and lipid levels by an adipose differentiation-related protein antisense oligonucleotide. Gastroenterology 132:1947–1954
Imamura M, Inoguchi T, Ikuyama S, Taniguchi S, Kobayashi K, Nakashima N, Nawata H (2002) ADRP stimulates lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in murine fibroblasts. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 283:E775–E783
Ivashov VA, Grillitsch K, Koefeler H, Leitner E, Baeumlisberger D, Karas M, Daum G (2013) Lipidome and proteome of lipid droplets from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Biochim Biophys Acta 1831:282–290
Jackson LP (2014) Structure and mechanism of COPI vesicle biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 29:67–73
Jambunathan S, Yin J, Khan W, Tamori Y, Puri V (2011) FSP27 promotes lipid droplet clustering and then fusion to regulate triglyceride accumulation. PLoS One 6:e28614
James CN, Horn PJ, Case CR, Gidda SK, Zhang D, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Anderson RGW, Chapman KD (2010) Disruption of the Arabidopsis CGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:17833–17838
James GO, Hocart CH, Hillier W, Chen H, Kordbacheh F, Price GD, Djordjevic MA (2011) Fatty acid profiling of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under nitrogen deprivation. Bioresour Technol 102:3343–3351
Javee A, Sulochana SB, Pallissery SJ, Arumugam M (2016) Major lipid body protein: a conserved structural component of lipid body accumulated during abiotic stress in S. quadricauda CASA-CC202. Front Energy Res 4
Jiang P-L, Pasaribu B, Chen C-S (2014) Nitrogen-deprivation elevates lipid levels in Symbiodinium spp. by lipid droplet accumulation: morphological and compositional analyses. PLoS One 9:e87416
Johnson MR, Stephenson RA, Ghaemmaghami S, Welte MA (2018) Developmentally regulated H2Av buffering via dynamic sequestration to lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos. elife 7:e36021
Jolivet P, Roux E, D’andrea S, Davanture M, Negroni L, Zivy M, Chardot T (2004) Protein composition of oil bodies in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype WS. Plant Physiol Biochem 42:501–509
Jolivet P, Boulard C, Bellamy A, Larré C, Barre M, Rogniaux H, D’andréa S, Chardot T, Nesi N (2009) Protein composition of oil bodies from mature Brassica napus seeds. Proteomics 9:3268–3284
Jolivet P, Acevedo F, Boulard C, D’andréa S, Faure J-D, Kohli A, Nesi N, Valot B, Chardot T (2013) Crop seed oil bodies: from challenges in protein identification to an emerging picture of the oil body proteome. Proteomics 13:1836–1849
Jordans GHW (1953) The familial occurrence of fat containing vacuoles in the Leukocytes diagnosed in two brothers suffering from Dystrophia Musculorum Progressiva (ERB). Acta Med Scand 145(6):419–423
Kalscheuer R, Wältermann M, Alvarez H, Steinbüchel A (2001) Preparative isolation of lipid inclusions from Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus ruber and identification of granule-associated proteins. Arch Microbiol 177:20–28
Kalscheuer R, Stöveken T, Malkus U, Reichelt R, Golyshin PN, Sabirova JS, Ferrer M, Timmis KN, Steinbüchel A (2007) Analysis of storage lipid accumulation in Alcanivorax borkumensis: evidence for alternative triacylglycerol biosynthesis routes in bacteria. J Bacteriol 189:918–928
Kanshin E et al (2009) The stoichiometry of protein phosphorylation in adipocyte lipid droplets: analysis by N-terminal isotope tagging and enzymatic dephosphorylation. Proteomics 9(22):5067–5077
Katavic V, Agrawal GK, Hajduch M, Harris SL, Thelen JJ (2006) Protein and lipid composition analysis of oil bodies from two Brassica napus cultivars. Proteomics 6:4586–4598
Kellogg RB, Patton JS (1983) Lipid droplets, medium of energy exchange in the symbiotic anemone Condylactis gigantea: a model coral polyp. Mar Biol 75:137–149
Kelly AA, Feussner I (2016) Oil is on the agenda: lipid turnover in higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861:1253–1268
Kelly AA, Quettier A-L, Shaw E, Eastmond PJ (2011) Seed storage oil mobilization is important but not essential for germination or seedling establishment in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 157:866–875
Khandelia H, Duelund L, Pakkanen KI, Ipsen JH (2010) Triglyceride blisters in lipid bilayers: implications for lipid droplet biogenesis and the mobile lipid signal in cancer cell membranes. PLoS One 5:e12811
Khor VK et al (2014) The proteome of cholesteryl-ester-enriched versus triacylglycerolenriched lipid droplets. PLoS One 9(8):e105047–e105047
Kilaru A, Cao X, Dabbs PB, Sung H-J, Rahman MM, Thrower N, Zynda G, Podicheti R, Ibarra-Laclette E, Herrera-Estrella L, Mockaitis K, Ohlrogge JB (2015) Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea americana mesocarp. BMC Plant Biol 15:203–203
Kim CA et al (2008) Association of a homozygous nonsense caveolin-1 mutation with berardinelli-seip congenital lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 93(4):1129–1134
Kim M-J, Wainwright HC, Locketz M, Bekker L-G, Walther GB, Dittrich C, Visser A, Wang W, Hsu F-F, Wiehart U, Tsenova L, Kaplan G, Russell DG (2010) Caseation of human tuberculosis granulomas correlates with elevated host lipid metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2:258–274
Kimmel AR, Sztalryd C (2014) Perilipin 5, a lipid droplet protein adapted to mitochondrial energy utilization. Curr Opin Lipidol 25:110–117
Kimmel AR, Sztalryd C (2016) The perilipins: major cytosolic lipid droplet–associated proteins and their roles in cellular lipid storage, mobilization, and systemic homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr 36:471–509
Kimmel AR, Brasaemle DL, Mcandrews-Hill M, Sztalryd C, Londos C (2010) Adoption of PERILIPIN as a unifying nomenclature for the mammalian PAT-family of intracellular lipid storage droplet proteins. J Lipid Res 51:468–471
Koch B, Schmidt C, Daum G (2014) Storage lipids of yeasts: a survey of nonpolar lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Microbiol Rev 38:892–915
Kong F, Romero IT, Warakanont J, Li-Beisson Y (2018) Lipid catabolism in microalgae. New Phytol 218:1340–1348
Kory N, Farese RV, Walther TC (2016) Targeting fat: mechanisms of protein localization to lipid droplets. Trends Cell Biol 26:535–546
Kramer DA et al (2018) Fasting and refeeding induces changes in the mouse hepatic lipid droplet proteome. J Proteome 181:213–224
Kreimer G (2009) The green algal eyespot apparatus: a primordial visual system and more? Curr Genet 55:19–43
Kretzschmar FK, Mengel LF, Müller A, Schmitt K, Blersch KF, Valerius O, Braus G, Ischebeck T (2018) PUX10 is a lipid droplet-localized scaffold protein that interacts with CDC48 and is involved in the degradation of lipid droplet proteins. Plant Cell 30:2137–2160
Kuerschner L, Moessinger C, Thiele C (2007) Imaging of lipid biosynthesis: how a neutral lipid enters lipid droplets. Traffic 9:338–352
Kumar Y, Cocchiaro J, Valdivia RH (2006) The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis targets host lipid droplets. Curr Biol 16:1646–1651
Kuntam S, Puskás LG, Ayaydin F (2015) Characterization of a new class of blue-fluorescent lipid droplet markers for live-cell imaging in plants. Plant Cell Rep 34:655–665
Laibach N, Post J, Twyman RM, Gronover CS, Prüfer D (2015) The characteristics and potential applications of structural lipid droplet proteins in plants. J Biotechnol 201:15–27
Langhi C et al (2014) Perilipin-5 is regulated by statins and controls triglyceride contents in the hepatocyte. J Hepatol 61(2):358–365
Larsson S et al (2012) Characterization of the lipid droplet proteome of a clonal insulin-producing β-cell line (INS-1 832/13). J Proteome Res 11(2):1264–1273
Le Cadre V, Debenay J-P (2006) Morphological and cytological responses of Ammonia (foraminifera) to copper contamination: implication for the use of foraminifera as bioindicators of pollution. Environ Pollut 143(2):304–317
Leber R, Zinser E, Paltauf F, Daum G, Zellnig G (1994) Characterization of lipid particles of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 10:1421–1428
Lecoeur H et al (2013) Reprogramming neutral lipid metabolism in mouse dendritic leucocytes hosting live Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(6):e2276
Lee JH, Kong J, Jang JY, Han JS, Ji Y, Lee J, Kim JB (2014) Lipid droplet protein LID-1 mediates ATGL-1-dependent lipolysis during fasting in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Biol 34:4165–4176
Lee YK, Sohn JH, Han JS, Park YJ, Jeon YG, Ji Y, Dalen KT, Sztalryd C, Kimmel AR, Kim JB (2018) Perilipin 3 deficiency stimulates thermogenic beige adipocytes through PPARα activation. Diabetes 67:791–804
Lefèvre C et al (2001) Mutations in CGI-58, the gene encoding a new protein of the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily, in chanarin-dorfman syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 69(5):1002–1012
LeKieffre C et al (2017) Surviving anoxia in marine sediments: the metabolic response of ubiquitous benthic foraminifera (Ammonia tepida). PLoS One 12(5):e0177604–e0177604
Lersten NR, Czlapinski AR, Curtis JD, Freckmann R, Horner HT (2006) Oil bodies in leaf mesophyll cells of angiosperms: overview and a selected survey. Am J Bot 93:1731–1739
Leterrier M, Calleja P, Maréchal E (2015) Modified algae strain and method of triacylglycerol accumulation using said strain. Patent. WO2015008160A2
Li Z, Thiel K, Thul PJ, Beller M, Kühnlein RP, Welte MA (2012) Lipid droplets control the maternal histone supply of Drosophila embryos. Curr Biol 22:2104–2113
Li X, Pan Y, Hu H (2018) Identification of the triacylglycerol lipase in the chloroplast envelope of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Algal Res 33:440–447
Lin L-J, Liao P-C, Yang H-H, Tzen JTC (2005) Determination and analyses of the N-termini of oil-body proteins, steroleosin, caleosin and oleosin. Plant Physiol Biochem 43:770–776
Lin IP, Jiang P-L, Chen C-S, Tzen JTC (2012) A unique caleosin serving as the major integral protein in oil bodies isolated from Chlorella sp. cells cultured with limited nitrogen. Plant Physiol Biochem 61:80–87
Lin P, Chen X, Moktan H, Arrese EL, Duan L, Wang L, Soulages JL, Zhou DH (2014) Membrane attachment and structure models of lipid storage droplet protein 1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1838:874–881
Liu P et al (2004) Chinese hamster ovary K2 cell lipid droplets appear to be metabolic organelles involved in membrane traffic. J Biol Chem 279(5):3787–3792
Liu H, Wang C, Chen F, Shen S (2015) Proteomic analysis of oil bodies in mature Jatropha curcas seeds with different lipid content. J Proteome 113:403–414
Low KL, Shui G, Natter K, Yeo WK, Kohlwein SD, Dick T, Rao SPS, Wenk MR (2010) Lipid droplet-associated proteins are involved in the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. J Biol Chem 285:21662–21670
Lu Y, Wang X, Balamurugan S, Yang W-D, Liu J-S, Dong H-P, Li H-Y (2017) Identification of a putative seipin ortholog involved in lipid accumulation in marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Appl Phycol 29:2821–2829
Lundin C, Nordström R, Wagner K, Windpassinger C, Andersson H, Von Heijne G, Nilsson I (2006) Membrane topology of the human seipin protein. FEBS Lett 580:2281–2284
Luo M, Fadeev EA, Groves JT (2005) Mycobactin-mediated iron acquisition within macrophages. Nat Chem Biol 1:149
Lupette J, Maréchal E (2018) Phytoplankton glycerolipids: challenging but promising prospects from biomedicine to green chemistry and biofuels. Blue Biotechnology
Lupette J, Lami R, Krasovec M, Grimsley N, Moreau H, Piganeau G, Sanchez-Ferandin S (2016) Marinobacter dominates the bacterial community of the Ostreococcus tauri phycosphere in culture. Front Microbiol 7:1414
Lupette J, Jaussaud A, Seddiki K, Morabito C, Brugière S, Schaller H, Kuntz M, Putaux J-L, Jouneau P-H, Rébeillé F, Falconet D, Couté Y, Jouhet J, Tardif M, Salvaing J, Maréchal E (2019) The architecture of lipid droplets in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Algal Res 38:101415
Madrigal-Matute J, Cuervo AM (2016) Regulation of liver metabolism by autophagy. Gastroenterology 150:328–339
Maeda Y, Sunaga Y, Yoshino T, Tanaka T (2014) Oleosome-associated protein of the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris contains an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting signal sequence. Mar Drugs 12:3892–3903
Magré J, Delépine M, Khallouf E, Gedde-Dahl T Jr, Van Maldergem L, Sobel E, Papp J, Meier M, Mégarbané A, BWG, Lathrop M, Capeau J (2001) Identification of the gene altered in Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy on chromosome 11q13. Nat Genet 28:365
Malchow D, Lüderitz O, Westphal O, Gerisch G, Riedeal V (1967) Polysaccharide in vegetativen und aggregationsreifen Amöben von Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Biochem 2:469–479
Mandard S, Müller M, Kersten S (2004) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 61(4):393–416
Maréchal E (2018) Primary endosymbiosis: emergence of the primary chloroplast and the chromatophore, two independent events. In: Maréchal E (ed) Plastids: methods and protocols. Springer, New York, pp 3–16
Marlowe IT, Brassell SC, Eglinton G, Green JC (1984a) Long chain unsaturated ketones and esters in living algae and marine sediments. Org Geochem 6:135–141
Marlowe IT, Green JC, Neal AC, Brassell SC, Eglinton G, Course PA (1984b) Long chain (n-C37–C39) alkenones in the Prymnesiophyceae. Distribution of alkenones and other lipids and their taxonomic significance. Br Phycol J 19:203–216
Mayer SV, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N (2017) The emergence of arthropod-borne viral diseases: a global prospective on dengue, chikungunya and zika fevers. Acta Trop 166:155–163
Mcmanaman JL, Bales ES, Orlicky DJ, Jackman M, Maclean PS, Cain S, Crunk AE, Mansur A, Graham CE, Bowman TA, Greenberg AS (2013) Perilipin-2-null mice are protected against diet-induced obesity, adipose inflammation, and fatty liver disease. J Lipid Res 54:1346–1359
Melo RCN, Weller PF (2016) Lipid droplets in leukocytes: organelles linked to inflammatory responses. Exp Cell Res 340:193–197
Menon D, Singh K, Pinto SM, Nandy A, Jaisinghani N, Kutum R, Dash D, Prasad TSK, Gandotra S (2019) Quantitative lipid droplet proteomics reveals mycobacterium tuberculosis induced alterations in macrophage response to infection. ACS Infect Dis 5:559–569
Merchant SS, Prochnik SE, Vallon O, Harris EH, Karpowicz SJ, Witman GB, Terry A, Salamov A, Fritz-Laylin LK, Maréchal-Drouard L, Marshall WF, Qu L-H, Nelson DR, Sanderfoot AA, Spalding MH, Kapitonov VV, Ren Q, Ferris P, Lindquist E, Shapiro H, Lucas SM, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Cardol P, Cerutti H, Chanfreau G, Chen C-L, Cognat V, Croft MT, Dent R, Dutcher S, Fernández E, Ferris P, Fukuzawa H, González-Ballester D, González-Halphen D, Hallmann A, Hanikenne M, Hippler M, Inwood W, Jabbari K, Kalanon M, Kuras R, Lefebvre PA, Lemaire SD, Lobanov AV, Lohr M, Manuell A, Meier I, Mets L, Mittag M, Mittelmeier T, Moroney JV, Moseley J, Napoli C, Nedelcu AM, Niyogi K, Novoselov SV, Paulsen IT, Pazour G, Purton S, Ral J-P, Riaño-Pachón DM, Riekhof W, Rymarquis L, Schroda M, Stern D, Umen J, Willows R, Wilson N, Zimmer SL, Allmer J, Balk J, Bisova K, Chen C-J, Elias M, Gendler K, Hauser C, Lamb MR, Ledford H, Long JC, Minagawa J, Page MD, Pan J, Pootakham W, Roje S, Rose A, Stahlberg E, Terauchi AM, Yang P, Ball S, Bowler C, Dieckmann CL, Gladyshev VN, Green P, Jorgensen R, Mayfield S, Mueller-Roeber B, Rajamani S, Sayre RT et al (2007) The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant functions. Science 318:245–250
Meyer H, Bug M, Bremer S (2012) Emerging functions of the VCP/p97 AAA-ATPase in the ubiquitin system. Nat Cell Biol 14:117
Missaglia S, Valadares ER, Moro L, Faguntes EDT, Quintão Roque R, Giardina B, Tavian D (2014) Early onset of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome with severe liver involvement in a patient with a complex rearrangement of ABHD5 promoter. BMC Med Genet 15:32–32
Miura S, Gan J-W, Brzostowski J, Parisi MJ, Schultz CJ, Londos C, Oliver B, Kimmel AR (2002) Functional conservation for lipid storage droplet association among perilipin, ADRP, and TIP47 (PAT)-related proteins in mammals, Drosophila, and Dictyostelium. J Biol Chem 277:32253–32257
Moellering ER, Benning C (2010) RNA interference silencing of a major lipid droplet protein affects lipid droplet size in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Eukaryot Cell 9:97–106
Moessinger C et al (2011) Human lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases 1 and 2 are located in lipid droplets where they catalyze the formation of phosphatidylcholine. J Biol Chem 286(24):21330–21339
Moore H-PH, Silver RB, Mottillo EP, Bernlohr DA, Granneman JG (2005) Perilipin targets a novel pool of lipid droplets for lipolytic attack by hormone-sensitive lipase. J Biol Chem 280:43109–43120
Morabito C, Bournaud C, Maës C, Schuler M, Aiese Cigliano R, Dellero Y, Maréchal E, Amato A, Rébeillé F (2019) The lipid metabolism in thraustochytrids. Prog Lipid Res 76:101007
Możejko-Ciesielska J, Kiewisz R (2016) Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates: still fabulous? Microbiol Res 192:271–282
Müller AO, Blersch KF, Gippert AL, Ischebeck T (2016) Tobacco pollen tubes – a fast and easy tool for studying lipid droplet association of plant proteins. Plant J 89:1055–1064
Murphy DJ (2012) The dynamic roles of intracellular lipid droplets: from archaea to mammals. Protoplasma 249:541–585
Na H, Zhang P, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xie K, Xu N, Yang F, Yu Y, Cichello S, Mak HY, Wang MC, Zhang H, Liu P (2015) Identification of lipid droplet structure-like/resident proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochim Biophys Acta 1853:2481–2491
Najt CP, Lwande JS, Mcintosh AL, Senthivinayagam S, Gupta S, Kuhn LA, Atshaves BP (2014) Structural and functional assessment of perilipin 2 lipid binding domain(s). Biochemistry 53:7051–7066
Nchoutmboube JA, Viktorova EG, Scott AJ, Ford LA, Pei Z, Watkins PA, Ernst RK, Belov GA (2013) Increased long chain acyl-Coa synthetase activity and fatty acid import is linked to membrane synthesis for development of picornavirus replication organelles. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003401
Nguyen HM, Baudet M, Cuiné S, Adriano J-M, Barthe D, Billon E, Bruley C, Beisson F, Peltier G, Ferro M, Li-Beisson Y (2011) Proteomic profiling of oil bodies isolated from the unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: with focus on proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Proteomics 11:4266–4273
Nishino N, Tamori Y, Tateya S, Kawaguchi T, Shibakusa T, Mizunoya W, Inoue K, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Matsuki Y, Hiramatsu R, Masubuchi S, Omachi A, Kimura K, Saito M, Amo T, Ohta S, Yamaguchi T, Osumi T, Cheng J, Fujimoto T, Nakao H, Nakao K, Aiba A, Okamura H, Fushiki T, Kasuga M (2008) FSP27 contributes to efficient energy storage in murine white adipocytes by promoting the formation of unilocular lipid droplets. J Clin Invest 118:2808–2821
Nojima D, Yoshino T, Maeda Y, Tanaka M, Nemoto M, Tanaka T (2013) Proteomics analysis of oil body-associated proteins in the oleaginous diatom. J Proteome Res 12:5293–5301
Noothalapati Venkata HN, Shigeto S (2012) Stable isotope-labeled Raman imaging reveals dynamic proteome localization to lipid droplets in single fission yeast cells. Chem Biol 19:1373–1380
Oh SK et al (1999) Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of a novel cDNA clone encoding a small rubber particle protein from Hevea brasiliensis. J Biol Chem 274(24):17132–17138
Okuda-Shimizu Y, Hendershot LM (2007) Characterization of an ERAD pathway for non-glycosylated BiP substrates which requires Herp. Mol Cell 28:544–554
Oliva J, French SW, Li J, Bardag-Gorce F (2012) Proteasome inhibitor treatment reduced fatty acid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol synthesis. Exp Mol Pathol 93:26–34
Olzmann JA, Kopito RR, Christianson JC (2013a) The mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation system. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol:5, a013185. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a013185
Olzmann JA, Richter CM, Kopito RR (2013b) Spatial regulation of UBXD8 and p97/VCP controls ATGL-mediated lipid droplet turnover. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:1345–1350
Onal G, Kutlu O, Gozuacik D, Dokmeci Emre S (2017) Lipid droplets in health and disease. Lipids Health Dis 16:128
Orban T, Palczewska G, Palczewski K (2011) Retinyl ester storage particles (Retinosomes) from the retinal pigmented epithelium resemble lipid droplets in other tissues. J Biol Chem 286(19):17248–17258
Orlicky DJ et al (2008) Multiple functions encoded by the N-terminal PAT domain of adipophilin. J Cell Sci 121(Pt 17):2921–2929
Paar M, Jüngst C, Steiner NA, Magnes C, Sinner F, Kolb D, Lass A, Zimmermann R, Zumbusch A, Kohlwein SD, Wolinski H (2012) Remodeling of lipid droplets during lipolysis and growth in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 287:11164–11173
Park S, Gidda SK, James CN, Horn PJ, Khuu N, Seay DC, Keereetaweep J, Chapman KD, Mullen RT, Dyer JM (2013) The α/β hydrolase CGI-58 and peroxisomal transport protein PXA1 coregulate lipid homeostasis and signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 25:1726–1739
Park S, Keereetaweep J, James CN, Gidda SK, Chapman KD, Mullen RT, Dyer JM (2014) CGI-58, a key regulator of lipid homeostasis and signaling in plants, also regulates polyamine metabolism. Plant Signal Behav 9:e27723
Pasaribu B, Lin IP, Chen C-S, Lu C-Y, Jiang P-L (2014a) Nutrient limitation in Auxenochlorella protothecoides induces qualitative changes of fatty acid and expression of caleosin as a membrane protein associated with oil bodies. Biotechnol Lett 36:175–180
Pasaribu B, Lin IP, Tzen JTC, Jauh G-Y, Fan T-Y, Ju Y-M, Cheng J-O, Chen C-S, Jiang P-L (2014b) SLDP: a novel protein related to caleosin is associated with the endosymbiotic symbiodinium lipid droplets from Euphyllia glabrescens. Mar Biotechnol 16:560–571
Pataki CI et al (2018) Proteomic analysis of monolayer-integrated proteins on lipid droplets identifies amphipathic interfacial α-helical membrane anchors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(35):E8172–E8180
Paul A, Chan L, Bickel PE (2008) The PAT family of lipid droplet proteins in heart and vascular cells. Curr Hypertens Rep 10(6):461–466
Peled E, Leu S, Zarka A, Weiss M, Pick U, Khozin-Goldberg I, Boussiba S (2011) Isolation of a novel oil globule protein from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). Lipids 46:851–861
Peng S-E, Chen W-NU, Chen H-K, Lu C-Y, Mayfield AB, Fang L-S, Chen C-S (2011) Lipid bodies in coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis: proteomic and ultrastructural studies. Proteomics 11:3540–3555
Peoples OP, Sinskey AJ (1989) Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Characterization of the genes encoding betaketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase. J Biol Chem 264(26):15293–15297
Pericleous M, Kelly C, Wang T, Livingstone C, Ala A (2017) Wolman’s disease and cholesteryl ester storage disorder: the phenotypic spectrum of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:670–679
Petroutsos D, Amiar S, Abida H, Dolch L-J, Bastien O, Rébeillé F, Jouhet J, Falconet D, Block MA, Mcfadden GI, Bowler C, Botté C, Maréchal E (2014) Evolution of galactoglycerolipid biosynthetic pathways – from cyanobacteria to primary plastids and from primary to secondary plastids. Prog Lipid Res 54:68–85
Pol A, Gross SP, Parton RG (2014) Biogenesis of the multifunctional lipid droplet: lipids, proteins, and sites. J Cell Biol 204:635–646
Popluechai S, Froissard M, Jolivet P, Breviario D, Gatehouse AMR, O’donnell AG, Chardot T, Kohli A (2011) Jatropha curcas oil body proteome and oleosins: L-form JcOle3 as a potential phylogenetic marker. Plant Physiol Biochem 49:352–356
Pötter M, Steinbüchel A (2006) Biogenesis and structure of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules. In: Shively JM (ed) Inclusions in prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, pp 109–136
Poulsen LLC, Siersbæk M, Mandrup S (2012) PPARs: fatty acid sensors controlling metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 23:631–639
Qu R, Wang SM, Lin YH, Vance VB, Huang AH (1986) Characteristics and biosynthesis of membrane proteins of lipid bodies in the scutella of maize (Zea mays L.). Biochem J 235:57–65
Quettier A-L, Eastmond PJ (2009) Storage oil hydrolysis during early seedling growth. Plant Physiol Biochem 47:485–490
Quinn K, Purcell SM (2017) Lipodystrophies. StatPearls [Internet]
Rabhi I et al (2012) Transcriptomic signature of leishmania infected mice macrophages: a metabolic point of view. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(8):e1763
Rabhi S et al (2016) Lipid droplet formation, their localization and dynamics during leishmania major macrophage infection. PLoS One 11(2):e0148640
Rajab A et al (2010) Fatal cardiac arrhythmia and Long-QT syndrome in a new form of congenital generalized lipodystrophy with muscle rippling (CGL4) due to PTRFCAVIN mutations. PLoS Genet 6(3):e1000874
Rapoport TA (2007) Protein translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial plasma membranes. Nature 450:663
Reinecke F, Steinbüchel A (2009) Ralstonia eutropha strain H16 as model organism for PHA metabolism and for biotechnological production of technically interesting biopolymers. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 16:91–108
Roingeard P, Melo RCN (2017) Lipid droplet hijacking by intracellular pathogens. Cell Microbiol 19:e12688
Ruggiano A, Mora G, Buxó L, Carvalho P (2016) Spatial control of lipid droplet proteins by the ERAD ubiquitin ligase Doa10. EMBO J 35:1644–1655
Rumin J, Bonnefond H, Saint-Jean B, Rouxel C, Sciandra A, Bernard O, Cadoret J-P, Bougaran G (2015) The use of fluorescent Nile red and BODIPY for lipid measurement in microalgae. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:42
Rydel TJ, Williams JM, Krieger E, Moshiri F, Stallings WC, Brown SM, Pershing JC, Purcell JP, Alibhai MF (2003) The crystal structure, mutagenesis, and activity studies reveal that patatin is a lipid acyl hydrolase with a Ser-Asp catalytic dyad. Biochemistry 42:6696–6708
Sahu-Osen A, Montero-Moran G, Schittmayer M, Fritz K, Dinh A, Chang Y-F, Mcmahon D, Boeszoermenyi A, Cornaciu I, Russell D, Oberer M, Carman GM, Birner-Gruenberger R, Brasaemle DL (2015) CGI-58/ABHD5 is phosphorylated on Ser239 by protein kinase a: control of subcellular localization. J Lipid Res 56:109–121
Saka HA, Thompson JW, Chen Y-S, Dubois LG, Haas JT, Moseley A, Valdivia RH (2015) Chlamydia trachomatis infection leads to defined alterations to the lipid droplet proteome in epithelial cells. PLoS One 10:e0124630
Salo VT, Belevich I, Li S, Karhinen L, Vihinen H, Vigouroux C, Magré J, Thiele C, Hölttä-Vuori M, Jokitalo E, Ikonen E (2016) Seipin regulates ER–lipid droplet contacts and cargo delivery. EMBO J 35:2699–2716
Samuelov L et al (2011) An exceptional mutational event leading to Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome in a large consanguineous family. Br J Dermatol 164(6):1390–1392
Sando T, Hayashi T, Takeda T, Akiyama Y, Nakazawa Y, Fukusaki E, Kobayashi A (2009) Histochemical study of detailed laticifer structure and rubber biosynthesis-related protein localization in Hevea brasiliensis using spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy. Planta 230:215–225
Sardet C (2013) In: Ulmer E (ed) Plancton - Aux origines du vivant, 218 p
Sato S et al (2006) Proteomic profiling of lipid droplet proteins in hepatoma cell lines expressing hepatitis C virus core protein. J Biochem 139(5):921–930
Schmuth M et al (2004) The effect of LXR activators on AP-1 proteins in keratinocytes. J Investig Dermatol 123(1):41–48
Schubert P, Steinbüchel A, Schlegel HG (1988) Cloning of the Alcaligenes eutrophus genes for synthesis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and synthesis of PHB in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 170(12):5837–5847
Schweiger M, Paar M, Eder C, Brandis J, Moser E, Gorkiewicz G, Grond S, Radner FPW, Cerk I, Cornaciu I, Oberer M, Kersten S, Zechner R, Zimmermann R, Lass A (2012) G0/G1 switch gene-2 regulates human adipocyte lipolysis by affecting activity and localization of adipose triglyceride lipase. J Lipid Res 53:2307–2317
Sharma B, Joshi D, Yadav PK, Gupta AK, Bhatt TK (2016) Role of ubiquitin-mediated degradation system in plant biology. Front Plant Sci 7:806
Shen P, Zhao Q, Yao C, Wu S, Meng Y, Zhang L, Xue S (2016) Differential proteome analysis and identification of lipid droplet associated proteins in the marine microalgae Isochrysis zhangjiangensis (Haptophyta). In: The 4th Asia-Oceania algae innovation summit. Wuhan
Shi Q (2019) Expression profiling of genes coding for abundant proteins in the alkenone body of marine haptophyte alga Tisochrysis lutea. BMC Microbiol 19:56–56
Shi X, Li J, Zou X, Greggain J, Rødkær SV, Færgeman NJ, Liang B, Watts JL (2013) Regulation of lipid droplet size and phospholipid composition by stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J Lipid Res 54:2504–2514
Shi Q, Araie H, Bakku RK, Fukao Y, Rakwal R, Suzuki I, Shiraiwa Y (2015) Proteomic analysis of lipid body from the alkenone-producing marine haptophyte alga Tisochrysis lutea. Proteomics 15:4145–4158
Shimada TL, Hara-Nishimura I (2015) Leaf oil bodies are subcellular factories producing antifungal oxylipins. Curr Opin Plant Biol 25:145–150
Shimada TL, Takano Y, Shimada T, Fujiwara M, Fukao Y, Mori M, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Sasaki R, Aoki K, Hara-Nishimura I (2014) Leaf oil body functions as a subcellular factory for the production of a Phytoalexin in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 164:105–118
Shimada TL, Takano Y, Hara-Nishimura I (2015) Oil body-mediated defense against fungi: from tissues to ecology. Plant Signal Behav 10:e989036
Siegler H, Valerius O, Ischebeck T, Popko J, Tourasse NJ, Vallon O, Khozin-Goldberg I, Braus GH, Feussner I (2017) Analysis of the lipid body proteome of the oleaginous alga Lobosphaera incisa. BMC Plant Biol 17:98
Slater SC, Voige WH, Dennis DE (1988) Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway. J Bacteriol 170(10):4431–4436
Song P, Li L, Liu J (2013) Proteomic analysis in nitrogen-deprived Isochrysis galbana during lipid accumulation. PLoS One 8:e82188–e82188
Soni KG, Mardones GA, Sougrat R, Smirnova E, Jackson CL, Bonifacino JS (2009) Coatomer-dependent protein delivery to lipid droplets. J Cell Sci 122:1834
Soulages JL, Firdaus SJ, Hartson S, Chen X, Howard AD, Arrese EL (2012) Developmental changes in the protein composition of Manduca sexta lipid droplets. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 42:305–320
Souza SC, De Vargas LM, Yamamoto MT, Lien P, Franciosa MD, Moss LG, Greenberg AS (1998) Overexpression of Perilipin A and B blocks the ability of tumor necrosis factor α to increase lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 273:24665–24669
Stenson BM et al (2011) Liver X receptor (LXR) regulates human adipocyte lipolysis. J Biol Chem 286(1):370–379
Stevenson J, Huang EY, Olzmann JA (2016) Endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation and lipid homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr 36:511–542
Stone SJ, Levin MC, Zhou P, Han J, Walther TC, Farese RV (2009) The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme DGAT2 is found in mitochondria-associated membranes and has a mitochondrial targeting signal that promotes its association with mitochondria. J Biol Chem 284:5352–5361
Subramanian V, Rothenberg A, Gomez C, Cohen AW, Garcia A, Bhattacharyya S, Shapiro L, Dolios G, Wang R, Lisanti MP, Brasaemle DL (2004) Perilipin a mediates the reversible binding of CGI-58 to lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 279:42062–42071
Sun Z, Gong J, Wu H, Xu W, Wu L, Xu D, Gao J, Wu J-W, Yang H, Yang M, Li P (2013) Perilipin1 promotes unilocular lipid droplet formation through the activation of Fsp27 in adipocytes. Nat Commun 4:1594
Suzuki M, Otsuka T, Ohsaki Y, Cheng J, Taniguchi T, Hashimoto H, Taniguchi H, Fujimoto T (2012) Derlin-1 and UBXD8 are engaged in dislocation and degradation of lipidated ApoB-100 at lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell 23:800–810
Sznajder A, Jendrossek D (2014) To be or not to be a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase: PhaZd1 (PhaZ6) and PhaZd2 (PhaZ7) of Ralstonia eutropha, highly active PHB depolymerases with no detectable role in mobilization of accumulated PHB. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:4936–4946
Talbott H, Davis JS (2017) Lipid droplets and metabolic pathways regulate steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum. In: Meidan R (ed) The life cycle of the corpus luteum. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 57–78
Tansey JT, Sztalryd C, Gruia-Gray J, Roush DL, Zee JV, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML, Deng CX, Li C, Kimmel AR, Londos C (2001) Perilipin ablation results in a lean mouse with aberrant adipocyte lipolysis, enhanced leptin production, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:6494
Targett-Adams P et al (2005) A PPAR response element regulates transcription of the gene for human adipose differentiation-related protein. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Struct Expr 1728(1):95–104
Tariq A et al (2015) Is atomic rearrangement of type IV PHA synthases responsible for increased PHA production? J Biomol Struct Dyn 33(6):1225–1238
Tauchi-Sato K, Ozeki S, Houjou T, Taguchi R, Fujimoto T (2002) The surface of lipid droplets is a phospholipid monolayer with a unique fatty acid composition. J Biol Chem 277:44507–44512
Taurino M, Costantini S, De Domenico S, Stefanelli F, Ruano G, Delgadillo MO, Sanchez-Serrano JJ, Sanmartín M, Santino A, Rojo E (2017) SEIPIN proteins mediate lipid droplet biogenesis to promote pollen transmission and reduce seed dormancy. Plant Physiol 176:1531–1546
Theodoulou FL, Job K, Slocombe SP, Footitt S, Holdsworth M, Baker A, Larson TR, Graham IA (2005) Jasmonic acid levels are reduced in COMATOSE ATP-binding cassette transporter mutants. Implications for transport of jasmonate precursors into peroxisomes. Plant Physiol 137:835–840
Thiam AR, Forêt L (2016) The physics of lipid droplet nucleation, growth and budding. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861:715–722
Thiam AR, Antonny B, Wang J, Delacotte J, Wilfling F, Walther TC, Beck R, Rothman JE, Pincet F (2013a) COPI buds 60-nm lipid droplets from reconstituted water–phospholipid–triacylglyceride interfaces, suggesting a tension clamp function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:13244–13249
Thiam AR, Farese RV Jr, Walther TC (2013b) The biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:775
Thul PJ, Tschapalda K, Kolkhof P, Thiam AR, Oberer M, Beller M (2017) Targeting of the Drosophila protein CG2254/Ldsdh1 to a subset of lipid droplets. J Cell Sci 130:3141
Tnani H, López I, Jouenne T, Vicient CM (2011) Protein composition analysis of oil bodies from maize embryos during germination. J Plant Physiol 168:510–513
Tobin KAR et al (2006) Regulation of ADRP expression by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in BeWo cells, a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line. J Lipid Res 47(4):815–823
Trentacoste EM, Shrestha RP, Smith SR, Glé C, Hartmann AC, Hildebrand M, Gerwick WH (2013) Metabolic engineering of lipid catabolism increases microalgal lipid accumulation without compromising growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:19748–19753
Turró S et al (2006) Identification and characterization of associated with lipid droplet protein 1: a novel membrane-associated protein that resides on hepatic lipid droplets. Traffic 7(9):1254–1269
Uchino K, Saito T, Jendrossek D (2008) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZa1 is involved in mobilization of accumulated PHB in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:1058–1063
Van Wijk KJ, Kessler F (2017) Plastoglobuli: plastid microcompartments with integrated functions in metabolism, plastid developmental transitions, and environmental adaptation. Annu Rev Plant Biol 68:253–289
Vance VB, Huang AH (1987) The major protein from lipid bodies of maize. Characterization and structure based on cDNA cloning. J Biol Chem 262:11275–11279
Varela GM, Antwi DA, Dhir R, Yin X, Singhal NS, Graham MJ, Crooke RM, Ahima RS (2008) Inhibition of ADRP prevents diet-induced insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295:G621–G628
Vermachova M, Purkrtova Z, Santrucek J, Jolivet P, Chardot T, Kodicek M (2011) New protein isoforms identified within Arabidopsis thaliana seed oil bodies combining chymotrypsin/trypsin digestion and peptide fragmentation analysis. Proteomics 11:3430–3434
Venkata N, Hemanth N, Shigeto S (2012) Stable isotope-labeled Raman imaging reveals dynamic proteome localization to lipid droplets in single fission yeast cells. Chem Biol 19(11):1373–1380
Vieler A, Wu G, Tsai C-H, Bullard B, Cornish AJ, Harvey C, Reca I-B, Thornburg C, Achawanantakun R, Buehl CJ, Campbell MS, Cavalier D, Childs KL, Clark TJ, Deshpande R, Erickson E, Armenia Ferguson A, Handee W, Kong Q, Li X, Liu B, Lundback S, Peng C, Roston RL, Sanjaya, Simpson JP, Terbush A, Warakanont J, Zäuner S, Farre EM, Hegg EL, Jiang N, Kuo M-H, Lu Y, Niyogi KK, Ohlrogge J, Osteryoung KW, Shachar-Hill Y, Sears BB, Sun Y, Takahashi H, Yandell M, Shiu S-H, Benning C (2012) Genome, functional gene annotation, and nuclear transformation of the heterokont oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779. PLoS Genet 8:e1003064
Viswanadha S, Londos C (2008) Determination of lipolysis in isolated primary adipocytes. In: Yang K (ed) Adipose tissue protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 299–306
Vrablik TL, Petyuk VA, Larson EM, Smith RD, Watts JL (2015) Lipidomic and proteomic analysis of C. elegans lipid droplets and identification of ACS-4 as a lipid droplet-associated protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1851:1337–1345
Wältermann M, Steinbüchel A (2005) Neutral lipid bodies in prokaryotes: recent insights into structure, formation, and relationship to eukaryotic lipid depots. J Bacteriol 187:3607–3619
Waheed N et al (2016) Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 26(9):787–789
Walther TC, Chung J, Farese RV (2017) Lipid droplet biogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 33:491–510
Wang W et al (2015) Proteomic analysis of murine testes lipid droplets. Sci Rep 5:12070
Wang H, Becuwe M, Housden BE, Chitraju C, Porras AJ, Graham MM, Liu XN, Thiam AR, Savage DB, Agarwal AK, Garg A, Olarte M-J, Lin Q, Fröhlich F, Hannibal-Bach HK, Upadhyayula S, Perrimon N, Kirchhausen T, Ejsing CS, Walther TC, Farese RV (2016) Seipin is required for converting nascent to mature lipid droplets. elife 5:e16582
Watanabe T, Sakiyama R, Iimi Y, Sekine S, Abe E, Nomura KH, Nomura K, Ishibashi Y, Okino N, Hayashi M, Ito M (2017) Regulation of TG accumulation and lipid droplet morphology by the novel TLDP1 in Aurantiochytrium limacinum F26-b. J Lipid Res 58:2334–2347
Wilfling F, Wang H, Haas JT, Krahmer N, Gould TJ, Uchida A, Cheng J-X, Graham M, Christiano R, Fröhlich F, Liu X, Buhman KK, Coleman RA, Bewersdorf J, Farese RV, Walther TC (2013) Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets. Dev Cell 24:384–399
Wilfling F, Haas JT, Walther TC, Farese RV (2014) Lipid droplet biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 29:39–45
Wolman M, Sterk VV, Gatt S, Frenkel M (1961) Primary familial xanthomatosis with involvement and calcification of the adrenals. Report of two more cases in siblings of a previously described infant. Pediatrics 25:742–757
Wu CC et al (2000) Proteomics reveal a link between the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid secretory mechanisms in mammary epithelial cells. Electrophoresis 21(16):3470–3482
Xie M, Roy R (2015) The causative gene in Chanarian Dorfman syndrome regulates lipid droplet homeostasis in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 11:e1005284–e1005284
Yamaguchi T et al (2015) Characterization of lipid droplets in steroidogenic MLTC-1 Leydig cells: protein profiles and the morphological change induced by hormone stimulation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1851(10):1285–1295
Yang H-J, Hsu C-L, Yang J-Y, Yang WY (2012) Monodansylpentane as a blue-fluorescent lipid-droplet marker for multi-color live-cell imaging. PLoS One 7:e32693
Yermanos DM (1975) Composition of jojoba seed during development. J Am Oil Chem Soc 52:115–117
Yoneda K, Yoshida M, Suzuki I, Watanabe MM (2016) Identification of a major lipid droplet protein in a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Plant Cell Physiol 57:397–406
Yoneda K, Yoshida M, Suzuki I, Watanabe MM (2018) Homologous expression of lipid droplet protein-enhanced neutral lipid accumulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Appl Phycol 30:2793–2802
Youssef A, Laizet YH, Block MA, Maréchal E, Alcaraz J-P, Larson TR, Pontier D, Gaffé J, Kuntz M (2010) Plant lipid-associated fibrillin proteins condition jasmonate production under photosynthetic stress. Plant J 61:436–445
Yu J, Zhang S, Cui L, Wang W, Na H, Zhu X, Li L, Xu G, Yang F, Christian M, Liu P (2015) Lipid droplet remodeling and interaction with mitochondria in mouse brown adipose tissue during cold treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta 1853:918–928
Yu Y, Li T, Wu N, Jiang L, Ji X, Huang H (2017) The role of lipid droplets in Mortierella alpina aging revealed by integrative subcellular and whole-cell proteome analysis. Sci Rep 7:43896
Zhang C, Liu P (2017) The lipid droplet: a conserved cellular organelle. Protein Cell 8:796–800
Zhang H et al (2011) Proteome of skeletal muscle lipid droplet reveals association with mitochondria and apolipoprotein A-I. J Proteome Res 10(10):4757–4768
Zhang P, Na H, Liu Z, Zhang S, Xue P, Chen Y, Pu J, Peng G, Huang X, Yang F, Xie Z, Xu T, Xu P, Ou G, Zhang SO, Liu P (2012) Proteomic study and marker protein identification of Caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets. Mol Cell Proteomics 11:317–328
Zhang J, Zhang Z, Chukkapalli V, Nchoutmboube JA, Li J, Randall G, Belov GA, Wang X (2016) Positive-strand RNA viruses stimulate host phosphatidylcholine synthesis at viral replication sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:E1064–E1073
Zhang C, Yang L, Ding Y, Wang Y, Lan L, Ma Q, Chi X, Wei P, Zhao Y, Steinbüchel A, Zhang H, Liu P (2017) Bacterial lipid droplets bind to DNA via an intermediary protein that enhances survival under stress. Nat Commun 8:15979
Zhu Z, Ding Y, Gong Z, Yang L, Zhang S, Zhang C, Lin X, Shen H, Zou H, Xie Z, Yang F, Zhao X, Liu P, Zhao ZK (2015) Dynamics of the lipid droplet proteome of the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Eukaryot Cell 14:252–264
Zimmermann R, Strauss JG, Haemmerle G, Schoiswohl G, Birner-Gruenberger R, Riederer M, Lass A, Neuberger G, Eisenhaber F, Hermetter A, Zechner R (2004) Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase. Science 306:1383–1386
Acknowledgements
The authors were supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABEX-04 GRAL Labex, Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology; ANR-11-BTBR-0008 Océanomics; ANR-15-IDEX-02 GlycoAlps) and a Flagship program from the CEA High Commissioner.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lupette, J., Maréchal, E. (2020). The Puzzling Conservation and Diversification of Lipid Droplets from Bacteria to Eukaryotes. In: Kloc, M. (eds) Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and Evolutionary Aspects. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 69. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-51848-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-51849-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)