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The Impact of Air Emissions Regulations on Terminals

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Handbook of Terminal Planning

Part of the book series: Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series ((ORCS))

Abstract

This chapter aims to outline the applicable international and regional regulation on air emissions from ship operations, as well as to analyze their impact on port and terminal decision-making and functioning. The analysis also focuses on effective solutions, especially those promoted by the port or terminal management.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The International Maritime Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) responsible for the safety and security of shipping, and for the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships. Its key role is to create a regulatory framework for the shipping industry that is fair and effective, universally adopted, and universally implemented.

  2. 2.

    Cold ironing is the process of supplying shoreside electrical power to a ship at berth, while all its diesel engines, i.e. main and auxiliary, are turned off.

  3. 3.

    The IMO developed the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL stands for marine pollution and 73/78 for the years 1973 and 1978). MARPOL is the most important international marine environmental convention; its goal is to minimize pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, and oil and air pollution. MARPOL as an instrument focuses on “prevention.”

  4. 4.

    As in many IMO instruments, ships must not be placed at a disadvantage because their country has ratified the new convention. MARPOL Regulation 5(4) clearly protects the interests of ships registered under Members of the Convention: With respect to the ships of non-Parties to the Convention, Parties shall apply the requirements of the present Convention as may be necessary to ensure that no more favorable treatment is given to such ships.

  5. 5.

    The instruments of the IMO as a specialized agency of the UN should be streamlined with the decisions of the UNFCCC.

  6. 6.

    As per Boci et al. (2014) Gold Plating refers to …obligations that go beyond EU requirements – an excess of norms, guidelines, and procedures accumulated at national, regional, and local levels interfering with the expected policy goals.

  7. 7.

    Differential is understood as the difference between LNG and HFO prices.

  8. 8.

    Investments in ports and port facilities can be very expensive, usually costing many millions (and sometimes even more). One cannot offer a new service based on a new facility for a small investment. Hence, when port managers make investments in new facilities, these are exceptionally large investments that do not happen every year. That is what lumpy means in this context. There is not a series of small annual investments but few much larger ones happening at the end of longer periods, say 5 or 10 years. In brief, a port might invest X million USD this year, then another X million USD 5 years later. This is a lumpy series of investments, as opposed to \(\frac {X}{5}\) million USD every year, which would be a “steady” investment.

  9. 9.

    In this regard, more detailed information is available at www.environmentalshipindex.org.

  10. 10.

    Percent by mass (m/m) is the mass of solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100%.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Maritime and Logistics, Hamburg School of Business Administration, Hamburg, Germany

    Orestis Schinas

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  1. Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Suderburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Jürgen W. Böse

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Schinas, O. (2020). The Impact of Air Emissions Regulations on Terminals. In: Böse, J.W. (eds) Handbook of Terminal Planning. Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39990-0_10

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