Abstract
It is widely recognized that Brazil has achieved a great degree of greenhouse abatement mainly due the 70% reduction in the deforestation rate combining control instruments as the improvement of monitoring system and sanction enforcement on forest management plus restrictions to agricultural expansion in the region. Brazil’s INDC is even more ambitious with a target of 90% reduction. In addition to non-use values attached to biodiversity, forest protection generates important local use from extractive production, greenhouse gas mitigation and climate regulation effects on agriculture, cattle raising, and hydroelectricity production. But the incentive power of the current control measures of forest policies has reached its limit and requires a more complex set of incentives that internalize pricing signals. One way to pursue is to count payments for the performance on the reduction emission of forest deforestation and degradation (REDD+). The chapter, after reviewing estimates of the ancillary benefits from land use mitigation options in Brazil, presents an Integrated REDD+ that catalyzes the transfer of financial resources to the land use sector, while ensuring that non-REDD+ options continue to receive financial resources for the innovation and decarbonization of industrial, transportation, and energy activities.
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Notes
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Warsaw Framework for REDD+, http://unfccc.int/land_use_and_climate_change/REDD+/items/8180.php
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Indeed, this approach has been considered by the CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) initiative of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), i.e., to require that land use projects supplying credits to the scheme must be in conformity with the Warsaw Framework and ensure the harmonization of baselines between projects, jurisdiction, and nations. www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/market-based-measures.aspx
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NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions) are the GHG emission reduction targets assumed under the Paris Agreement.
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See, for instance, in the case of Brazil, the 2017 reduction of 51% in the budget of the Brazilian Ministry of Environment—www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/ministerio-do-meio-ambiente-perde-51-da-verba-apos-corte/
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Seroa da Motta, R. et al. (2020). Financing Forest Protection with Integrated REDD+ Markets in Brazil. In: Buchholz, W., Markandya, A., Rübbelke, D., Vögele, S. (eds) Ancillary Benefits of Climate Policy. Springer Climate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30978-7_14
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