Abstract
In a time when the employment of Natural Language Processing techniques in domains such as biomedicine, national security, finance and law, is flourishing, this study takes a deep look in its application in policy documents. Besides providing an overview of the current state of the literature that treats these concepts, the study at hand implements a set of unprecedented Natural Language Processing techniques on internal bank policies. The implementation of these techniques, together with the results that derive from the experiment and the experts’ evaluation, introduce a Meta-Algorithmic Modelling framework for processing internal business policies. This framework relies on three Natural Language Processing techniques, namely information extraction, automatic summarization and automatic keyword extraction. For the reference extraction and keyword extraction tasks we calculated Precision, Recall and F-scores. For the former we obtained 0.99, 0.84, and 0.89; for the latter we obtained 0.79, 0.87 and 0.83, respectively. Finally, our summary extraction approach was positively evaluated using a qualitative assessment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Spence, D.: Data, data everywhere: a special report on managing information. Economics, 1–10 (2010)
Grimes, S.: Unstructured data and the 80% rule. Clarabridge Bridge (2008)
Witten, I.H.: Text mining. Int. J. Comput. Biol. Drug Des. 198 (2004)
Friedman, C., Johnson, S.B., Forman, B., Starren, J.: Architectural requirements for a multipurpose natural language processor in the clinical environment. Proc. Symp. Comput. Appl. Med. Care, 347–351 (1995)
Haug, P.J., Ranum, D.L., Frederick, P.R.: Computerized extraction of coded findings from free-text radiologic reports. work in progress. Radiology 174(2), 543–548 (1990)
Bholat, D., Hansen, S., Santos, P., Schonhardt-Bailey, C.: Text mining for central banks. Cent. Cent. Bank. Stud. Handb. 33, 1–19 (2015)
Fan, W., Wallace, L., Rich, S., Zhang, Z.: Tapping the power of text mining. Commun. ACM 49(9), 76–82 (2006)
Zhao, Y.: Analysing twitter data with text mining and social network analysis. In: Proceedings of the 11th Australasian Data Mining and Analytics Conference (AusDM 2013) (2013)
Anton, A.I., Earp, J.: The Lack of Clarity in Financial Privacy Policies and the Need for Standardization, no. August, pp. 1–12 (2003)
Anton, A., Earp, J.: A requirements taxonomy for reducing Web site privacy vulnerabilities. Requir. Eng. 9, 169–185 (2004)
Spruit, M., Jagesar, R.: Power to the people! Meta-algorithmic modelling in applied data science. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, vol. 1, no. IC3K, pp. 400–406 (2016)
Wohlin, C.: Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering. In: 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2014), pp. 1–10 (2014)
Spruit, M., Lytras, M.: Applied data science in patient-centric healthcare: adaptive analytic systems for empowering physicians and patients. Telemat. Inf. (2018)
Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J., Ram, S., Ram, S.: Research essay design science in information. MIS Q. 28(1), 75–105 (2004)
Copeland, L.: A Practitioner’s Guide to Software Test Design. Artech House (2003)
Sanner, M.F. et al.: Python: a programming language for software integration and development. J. Mol. Graph Model 17(1), 57–61 (1999)
Bird, S., Klein, E., Loper, E.: Natural Language Processing with Python: Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit. O’Reilly Media, Inc. (2009)
Voutilainen, A.: Part-of-speech tagging. The Oxford handbook of computational linguistics (2003)
Marcus, M.P., Santorini, B., Marcinkiewicz, M.A.: Building a large annotated corpus of English: The Penn Treebank. Comput. Linguist. 19(2), 313–330 (1993)
Larson, M.: Automatic summarization 5(3) (2012)
Mihalcea, R., Tarau, P.: TextRank: bringing order into texts. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. (2004)
Page, L., Brin, S.: PageRank: bringing order to the web. Stanford Digit. Libr. Work. Pap. 72 (1997)
Levenshtein, V.I.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 10(8), 707–710 (1966)
Soukoreff, R.W., MacKenzie, I.S.: Measuring errors in text entry tasks, 319 (2001)
Spruit, M.R.: Measuring syntactic variation in Dutch dialects. Lit. Linguist. Comput. 21(4) (2006)
Heeringa, W., Nerbonne, J., Van Bezooijen, R., Spruit, M.R.: Geography and population size as explanatory factors for variation in the Dutch dialectal area. Tijdschr. Voor Ned. Taal-en Lett. 123(1) (2007)
Renz, I., Ficzay, A., Hitzler, H.: Keyword extraction for text characterization. In: 8th International Conference on Application Natural Language to Information Systems, pp. 228–234 (2003)
Wilson, R.C., Hancock, E.R.: Levenshtein distance for graph spectral features. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, no. C, pp. 489–492 (2004)
Rajaraman, A., Ullman, J.D.: Data mining. Min. Massive Datasets 18(Suppl), 114–142 (2011)
Sasaki, Y.: The truth of the F-measure. Teach Tutor mater, 1–5 (2007)
Makhoul, J., Kubala, F.: Performance measures for information extraction, 249–252 (1999)
Powers, D.M.W.: Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to roc, informedness, markedness & correlation. J. Mach. Learn. Technol. 2(1), 37–63 (2011)
Hripcsak, G., Rothschild, A.S.: Agreement, the F-measure, and reliability in information retrieval. J. Am. Med. Informatics Assoc. 12(3), 296–298 (2005)
Rose, S., Engel, D., Cramer, N., Cowley, W.: Automatic keyword extraction from individual documents. Text Min. Appl. Theory, 1–277 (2010)
Yang, K., Chen, Z., Cai, Y., Huang, D.P., Leung, H.: Improved automatic keyword extraction given more semantic knowledge. 9645, 112–125 (2016)
Hulth, A., Megyeesi, B.B.: A study on automatically extracted keywords in text categorization. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 1, pp. 353–360 (July 2006)
Liu, F., Pennell, D., Liu, Y.: Unsupervised approaches for automatic keyword extraction using meeting transcripts. In: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 620–628 (2009)
Zhang, C., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Wu, D., Liao, Y., Wang, B.: Automatic keyword extraction from documents using conditional random fields. J. Comput. Inf. 43, 1169–1180 (2008)
Brinkkemper, S.: Method engineering: Engineering of information systems development methods and tools. Inf. Softw. Technol. 38, no. 4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 275–280 (1996)
van de Weerd, I., Brinkkemper, S.: Meta-modeling for situational analysis and design methods. Handb. Res. Mod. Syst. Anal. Des. Technol. Appl. 35 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Spruit, M., Ferati, D. (2019). Applied Data Science in Financial Industry. In: Visvizi, A., Lytras, M. (eds) Research & Innovation Forum 2019. RIIFORUM 2019. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30809-4_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30809-4_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30808-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-30809-4
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)