Violence in Schools
Chapter
First Online:
Abstract
The authors discuss trends in the incidence of various forms of school violence, including bullying, violence, gang involvement, and drug-related violence. Research-based assessment and intervention strategies are discussed with an emphasis on prevention. The authors also discuss research related to the roles of teachers, parents, and social workers in prevention efforts.
Keywords
School violence Substance abuse Gang involvement Bullying Research Intervention PreventionReferences
- Albin, K. (2012). Bullies in a wired world: The impact of cyberspace victimization on adolescent mental health and the need for cyberbullying legislation in Ohio. Journal of Law and Health, 25, 155–190.Google Scholar
- Antunes, M., & Ahlin, E. (2018). Minority and immigrant youth exposure to community violence: The differential effects of family management and peers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34, 1–30.Google Scholar
- Astor, R., Behere, W., Fravil, K., & Wallace, J. (1997). Perceptions of school violence as a problem and reports of violent events: A national survey of school social workers. Social Work, 42(1), 55–68.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Averdijk, M. (2011). Reciprocal effects of victimization and routine activities. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 27(2), 125–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-010-9106-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Banks, G., Hadenfeldt, K., Janoch, M., Manning, C., Ramos, K., & Patterson Silver Wolf, D. (2017). Gun violence and substance abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 34, 113–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Batsche, G., & Knoff, H. (1994). Bullies and their victims: Understanding a pervasive problem in the schools. School Psychology Review, 23(2), 165–174.Google Scholar
- Besag, V. (1989). Bullies and victims in the schools: A guide to understanding and management. Milton Keynes, England: Open University Press.Google Scholar
- Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2010). Families promote emotional and behavioural resilience to bullying: Evidence of an environmental effect. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 51(7), 809–817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bright, R. M. (2005). It’s just a grade 8 thing: Aggression in teenage girls. Gender and Education, 17(1), 93–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Booren, L. M., Handy, D. J., & Power, T. G. (2011). Examining perceptions of school safety strategies, school climate, and violence. Youth violence and juvenile justice, 9(2), 171–187.Google Scholar
- Borum, R., Cornell, D. G., Modzeleski, W., & Jimerson, S. R. (2010). What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence. Educational Researcher, 39(1), 27–37.Google Scholar
- Caplan, M., Weissberg, R., Grober, J., Sivo, P., Grady, K., & Jacoby, C. (1992). Social competence promotion with inner-city and suburban young adolescents: Effects on social adjustment and alcohol use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 56–63.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Carson, D., & Esbensen, F. (2017). Gangs in school: Exploring the experiences of gang-involved youth. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 1–21.Google Scholar
- Casebeer, C. M. (2012). School bullying: Why quick fixes do not prevent school failure. Preventing School Failure, 56(3), 165–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Center to Prevent Handgun Violence. (1990). Caught in the crossfire: A report on gun violence in our nation’s schools. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2016, May 6). National violent death reporting system. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/nvdrs/
- Committee for Children. (1992). Second step: A violence prevention curriculum. Seattle, WA: Author.Google Scholar
- Currie, D. (2010). Survey finds widespread gangs, drug problems in U.S. schools. Nation’s Health, 40(8), 7.Google Scholar
- Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Youth violence: Fact sheet. Retrieved June 30, 2018, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/yvfacts.htm
- Dickinson, T. (2015). Exploring the drugs/violence nexus among active offenders: Contributions from the St. Louis school. Criminal Justice Review, 40(1), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016814562422CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Espelage, D., Merrin, G., & Hatchel, T. (2016). Peer victimization and dating violence among LGBTQ youth: The impact of school violence and crime on mental health outcomes. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 16(2), 156–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Farrell, A. D., Sullivan, T. N., Esposito, L. E., & Meyer, A. L. (2005). A latent growth curve analysis of the structure of aggression, drug use, and delinquent behaviors and their interrelations over time in urban and rural adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescents, 15(2), 179–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Furlong, M., & Morrison, G. (1994). Introduction to miniseries: School violence and safety in perspective. School Psychology Review, 23(2), 139–150.Google Scholar
- Glew, G. M., Ming-Yu, F., Wayne, K., & Rivara, F. P. (2008). Bullying and school safety. Journal of Pediatrics, 152, 123–128.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Goldstein, A., Glick, B., Carthen, W., & Blancero, D. (1994). The prosocial gang. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- Goldstein, A., & Soriano, F. (1994). Juvenile gangs. In L. Eron, J. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
- Hahn, R., Fuqua-Whitley, D., Wethington, H., Lowy, J., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M., … Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2007). Effectiveness of universal school-based programs to prevent violent and aggressive behavior a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(2), 114–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hammond, R. (1991). Dealing with anger: Givin’ it. Takin’ it. Workin’ it out. Champaign, IL: Research Press.Google Scholar
- Hechinger, F. (1992). Fateful choices: Healthy youth of the 21st century. New York, NY: Carnegie Corporation of New York.Google Scholar
- Hemenway, D., Vriniotis, M., Johnson, R. M., Miller, M., & Azrael, D. (2011). Gun carrying by high school students in Boston, MA: Does overestimation of peer gun carrying matter? Journal of Adolescence, 34(5), 997–1003.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Houbre, B., Tarquinio, C., & Thuillier, I. (2006). Bullying among students and its consequences on health. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 21(2), 183–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jensen, G. (2000). Prohibition, alcohol, and murder: Untangling countervailing mechanisms. Homicide Studies, 4(1), 18–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jiang, X., & Peguero, A. A. (2017). Immigrant generations and delinquency: Assessing the relative effects of family, school, and delinquent friends. Race and Justice, 7, 199–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Juvonen, J. (2005). Myths and facts about bullying in schools: Effective interventions depend upon debunking long-held misconceptions. Behavioral Health Management, 36–40.Google Scholar
- Kazdin, A. (1994). Interventions for aggressive children. In L. Eron, J. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
- Kirkhaug, B., Drugli, M. B., Handegard, B. H., Lyderson, S., Asheim, M., & Fossum, S. (2016). Does the incredible years teacher classroom management training programme have positive effects for young children exhibiting severe externalizing problems in school?: A quasi-experimental pre-post study. Boston Medical Center Psychiatry, 16(1), 362.Google Scholar
- Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Palmer, N. A., & Boesen, M. J. (2014). The 2013 national school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York, NY: GLSEN.Google Scholar
- Larson, J. (1994). Violence prevention in the schools: A review of selected programs and procedures. School Psychology Review, 23(2), 151–164.Google Scholar
- Lochman, J., Lampron, L., Gemmer, T., & Harris, S. (1986). Anger coping intervention with aggressive children: A guide to implementation in school settings. In P. Keller & S. Heyman (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 6, pp. 339–356). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resources Exchange.Google Scholar
- McLaughlin, L., Laux, J. M., & Pescara-Kovach, L. (2006). Using multimedia to reduce bullying and victimization in the third grade urban schools. Professional School Counseling, 10(2), 153–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Molina, I., Bowie, S. L., Dulmus, C. N., & Sowers, K. M. (2004). School-based violence prevention programs: A review of selected programs with empirical evidence. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 1(2/3), 175–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mongan, P., Hatcher, S., & Masche, T. (2009). Etiology of school shootings: Utilizing a purposive, non-impulsive model for social work. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 19, 635–645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- National Center for Education Statistics. (2018). Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018, from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2018/index.asp
- National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. (2018). National LGBTQ Taskforce: It’s time to reevaluate the role of guns in America. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
- National School resource Network. (1980). Peer culture development. (technical assistance bulletin 28). Washington, DC: National School Resource Network.Google Scholar
- Oleweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school children: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411–448). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
- Pilkington, N., & D’Augelli, A. (1995). Victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in community settings. Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 34–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pittaro, M. L. (2007). School violence and social control theory: An evaluation of the columbine massacre. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2(1), 1–12.Google Scholar
- Prothrow-Stith, D. (1987). Violence prevention curriculum for adolescents. Newton, MA: Education Development Center.Google Scholar
- Richard, J. F., Schneider, B. H., & Mallet, P. (2011). Revisiting the whole-school approach to bullying: Really looking at the whole school. School Psychology International, 33(3), 263–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Saewyc, E. M., Skay, C. L., Pettingell, S. L., Reis, E. A., Bearinger, L., Resnick, M., … Combs, L. (2006). Hazards of stigma: The sexual and physical abuse of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents in the United States and Canada. Child Welfare, 85(2), 195–213.PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A., & Voeten, M. (2005). Anti-bullying intervention: Implementation and outcome. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 465–487.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Smith, P. K. (2004). Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be? (Vol. 27(9), p. 334). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Soriano, M., Soriano, F., & Jimenez, E. (1991). School violence among culturally diverse populations: Sociocultural and institutional considerations. School Psychology Review, 23(2), 216–235.Google Scholar
- Stadler, P. (2001). Multicultural schools and monocultural teaching staff. European Education, 33(3), 40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stein, N. (1995). Sexual harassment in school: The public performance of gendered violence. Harvard Educational Review, 65(2), 145–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stephens, R. (1994). School violence prevention and intervention strategies. School Psychology Review, 23(2), 204–219.Google Scholar
- Sterzing, P., Gibbs, J., Gartner, R., & Goldbach, J. (2018). Bullying victimization trajectories for sexual minority adolescents: Stable victims, desisters, and late-onset victims. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(2), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12336CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2017). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/
- Swearer, S., Espelage, D., Vaillancourt, T., & Hymel, S. (2010). What can be done about school bullying? Linking research to educational practice. Educational Researcher, 39(1), 38–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Thakore, R. V., Apfeld, J. C., Johnson, R. K., Sathiyakumar, V., Jahangir, A. A., & Sethi, M. K. (2015). School-based violence prevention strategy: A pilot evaluation. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 7(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v7i2.565CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357–385.Google Scholar
- Trump, K. S. (2007). A game plan. American School Board Journal, 194, 26–29.Google Scholar
- U.S. Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Center. (2002). Preventing school shootings: A summary of a U.S. Secret Service initiative report. Washington, DC. Retrieved October 11, 2008, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000248.pdf
- Vaughn, M. G., Perron, B. E., Abdon, A., Olate, R., Groom, R., & Wu, L. (2012). Correlates of handgun carrying among adolescents in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(10), 2003–2021.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Vossekuil, B., Reddy, M., Fein, R., Borum, R., & Modzeleski, W. (2000). USSS safe school initiative: An interim report on the prevention of targeted violence in schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Center.Google Scholar
- Vreeman, R. C., & Carroll, A. E. (2007). A systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent bullying. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161, 78–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wheeler, E. D., & Baron, S. A. (1994). Violence in our schools, hospitals and public places: A prevention and management guide (p. 284). Ventura, CA: Pathfinder Publishing. ISBN 0-934793-51-4.Google Scholar
- Whitted, K. S., & Dupper, D. R. (2008). Do teachers bully students? Findings from a survey of students in an alternative education setting. Education and Urban Society, 40(3), 329–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wike, T., & Fraser, M. (2009). School shootings: Making sense of the senseless. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 162–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wodarski, J., & Feit, M. (1995). Adolescent substance abuse: An empirically-based group preventive health paradigm. New York, NY: Haworth Press.Google Scholar
- Wright, D. R., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2006). Violence and minority youth: The effects of risk and asset factors on fighting among African American children and adolescents. Adolescence, 41(162), 251–262.PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Ye, L., Ferdinando, H., Seppanen, T., & Alasaarela, E. (2014). Physical violence detection for preventing school bullying. Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/740358CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Yung, B., & Hammond, R. (1994). Native Americans. In L. Eron, J. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
- Zhang, A., Musu-Gillette, L., & Oudekerk, B. A. (2016). Indicators of school crime and safety: 2015 (NCES 2016-079/NCJ 249758). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019