Information Systems and Neuroscience pp 189-201 | Cite as
An Adaptive Cognitive Temporal-Causal Network Model of a Mindfulness Therapy Based on Humor
Abstract
In this paper the effect of a humor therapy is modeled based on a Network-Oriented Modeling approach. Humor therapy is a mindfulness therapy which has been used since many years ago, when Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Zakariya_al-Razi) as a Persian scientist who used humor theory to distinguish one contagious disease from another, to make stressed individuals more relaxed. The presented adaptive temporal-causal network model addresses the computational modeling of humor therapy for a person who in the first step triggers two incongruent beliefs in order to get the humor from a humor context to overcome an ongoing stressful event. This happens by showing a comedy movie. As a result, the stress level in the body reduces. Hebbian learning is incorporated to strengthen the effect of the humor therapy.
Keywords
Cognitive temporal-causal network model Hebbian learning Extreme emotion Humor therapy MindfulnessReferences
- 1.Berk, R. A. (2001). The active ingredients in humor: Psychological benefits and risks for older adults. Educational Gerontology, 27(3–4), 323–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Cousins, N. (1976). Anatomy of an illness (as perceived by the patient). New England Journal of Medicine, 295(26), 1458–1463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Dyck, M., Loughead, J., Kellermann, T., Boers, F., Gur, R. C., & Mathiak, K. (2010). Cognitive versus automatic mechanisms of mood induction differentially activate left and right amygdala. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2503–2513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Ferrell, B. R., Taylor, E. J., Grant, M., Fowler, M., & Corbisiero, R. M. (1993). Pain management at home: Struggle, comfort, and mission. Cancer Nursing, 16(3), 169–178.Google Scholar
- 5.Fry, W. F., Jr. (1992). The physiological effects of humor, mirth, and laughter. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(4), 1857–1858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Fry, W. F., Jr. (1986). Humor, physiology, and the aging process. In L. Nahemow, K. A. McCluskey-Fawcettt, & P. E. McGhee (Eds.), Humor and aging (pp. 81–98). Orlando: Academic Press.Google Scholar
- 7.Haig, R. A. (1988). The anatomy of humor. Springfield. III, USA: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
- 8.Holzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard, T., et al. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research, 191, 36–43. [PubMed:21071182].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Ljungdahl, L. (1989). Laugh if this is a joke. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261(4), 558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Lopez, B. G., & Jysotna, V. (2017). Psycholinguistic approaches to humor. In The Routledge handbook of language and humor (pp. 267–281). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
- 11.Lundqvist, L. O., Carlsson, F., Hilmersson, P., & Juslin, P. N. (2009). Emotional responses to music: Experience, expression, and physiology. Psychology of Music, 37(1), 61–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Martin, R. A., & Dobbin, J. P. (1988). Sense of humor, hassles, and immunoglobulin A: Evidence for a stress-moderating effect of humor. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 18(2), 93–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Mahony, D. L., Burroughs, W. J., & Hieatt, A. C. (2001). The effects of laughter on discomfort thresholds: Does expectation become reality? Journal of General Psychology, 128(2), 217–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 150(3699), 971–979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.McDonald, A. J. (1998). Cortical pathways to the mammalian amygdala. Progress in Neurobiology, 55(3), 257–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S030301-0082(98)00003-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Murakami, H., Katsunuma, R., Oba, K., Terasawa, K., Motomura, Y., Mishima, K., et al. (2015). Neural networks for mindfulness and emotion suppression. PloS One, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128005.eCollection2015.
- 17.Martin, R. A. (2000). Humor. In Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 202–204). USA: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
- 18.Mohammadi Ziabari, S. S., & Treur, J. (2018). Cognitive modeling of mindfulness therapy by autogenic training. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Systems Design and Intelligent Applications, INDIA'18. Advances in intelligent systems and computing. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
- 19.Mohammadi Ziabari, S. S., & Treur, J. (2018). An adaptive cognitive temporal-causal network model of a mindfulness therapy based. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, IHCI’18. India: Springer.Google Scholar
- 20.Mohammadi Ziabari, S. S., & Treur, J. (2018). Integrative Biological, Cognitive and affective modeling of a drug-therapy for a post-traumatic stress disorder. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Natural Computing, TPNC’18. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
- 21.Nakamura, T., Matsui, T., Utsumi, A., & Makita, K. (2017). The role of the amygdala in incongruity resolution: The case of humor comprehension. Social Neuroscience, 13(5), 553–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2017.1365760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Pessoa, L., & Adolphs, R. (2010). Emotion processing and the amygdala: Form a ‘low roads’ to ‘many roads’ of evaluating biological significance. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(11), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Ruch, W, & Ekman, P. (2001). The expensive pattern of laughter. In Emotion, qualia, and consciousness (pp. 426–443). Japan: World Scientific.Google Scholar
- 24.Raskin, V. (2008). The primer of humor research. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter publishers (2008).Google Scholar
- 25.Ruch, W. (1993). Exhilaration and humor. In Handbook of emotions (pp. 605–616). New York, USA: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
- 26.Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). The oxford English dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
- 27.Sande, D., Grafman, J., & Zalla, T. The human amygdala: An evolved system for relevance detection. Reviews in the Neuroscience, 14(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro.2003.14.4.303.
- 28.Takahashi, K., Iwase, M., & Yamashita, K. (2001). The evaluation of natural killer cell activity induced by laughter in a crossover designed study. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 8(6), 645–650.Google Scholar
- 29.Tse, M. M. Y., Lo, A. P. K., Cheng, T. L. Y., Chan, E. K. K., Chan, A. H. Y., & Chung, H. S. W. (2010). Humor therapy: Relieving chronic pain and enhancing happiness for older adults. Journal of Aging Research, 1, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/343574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.Treur, J., & Ziabari, S. S. M. (2018). An adaptive temporal-causal network model for decision making under acute stress. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence, ICCCI’2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
- 31.Treur, J. (2016). Network-oriented modeling: Addressing complexity of cognitive, affective and social interactions. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Treur, J. (2016). Verification of temporal-causal network models by mathematical analysis. Vietnam Journal of Computational Science, 3, 207–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Verma, S. K., & Khanna, G. (2010). The effect of music therapy and meditation on sports performance in professional shooters. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 6(2).Google Scholar
- 34.Wanzer, M., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Booth-Butterfield, S. (2005). If we didn’t use humor, we’d cry. Humorous coping communication in health care settings. Journal of Health Communication, 10(2), 105–125.Google Scholar
- 35.Weisenberg, M., Tepper, I., & Schwarzwald, J. (1995). Humor as a cognitive technique for increasing pain tolerance. Pain, 63(2), 207–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar