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The Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: Techniques for Quantitative and Functional Genetic Analyses of Cricket Biology

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Book cover Evo-Devo: Non-model Species in Cell and Developmental Biology

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 68))

Abstract

All extant species are an outcome of nature’s “experiments” during evolution, and hence multiple species need to be studied and compared to gain a thorough understanding of evolutionary processes. The field of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) aspires to expand the number of species studied, because most functional genetic studies in animals have been limited to a small number of “traditional” model organisms, many of which belong to the same phylum (Chordata). The phylum Arthropoda, and particularly its component class Insecta, possesses many important characteristics that are considered favorable and attractive for evo-devo research, including an astonishing diversity of extant species and a wide disparity in body plans. The development of the most thoroughly investigated insect genetic model system to date, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (a holometabolous insect), appears highly derived with respect to other insects and indeed with respect to most arthropods. In comparison, crickets (a basally branching hemimetabolous insect lineage compared to the Holometabola) are thought to embody many developmental features that make them more representative of insects. Here we focus on crickets as emerging models to study problems in a wide range of biological areas and summarize the currently available molecular, genomic, forward and reverse genetic, imaging and computational tool kit that has been established or adapted for cricket research. With an emphasis on the cricket species Gryllus bimaculatus, we highlight recent efforts made by the scientific community in establishing this species as a laboratory model for cellular biology and developmental genetics. This broad toolkit has the potential to accelerate many traditional areas of cricket research, including studies of adaptation, evolution, neuroethology, physiology, endocrinology, regeneration, and reproductive behavior. It may also help to establish newer areas, for example, the use of crickets as animal infection model systems and human food sources.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Extavour lab members Aracely Newton and Maitreyi Upadhyay for helpful comments and Leo Blondel for technical support on the manuscript. This work was supported by Harvard University.

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  1. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Arpita Kulkarni & Cassandra G. Extavour

  2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Cassandra G. Extavour

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  1. Arpita Kulkarni
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  2. Cassandra G. Extavour
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Correspondence to Cassandra G. Extavour .

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  1. Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Waclaw Tworzydlo

  2. Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Szczepan M. Bilinski

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Kulkarni, A., Extavour, C.G. (2019). The Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: Techniques for Quantitative and Functional Genetic Analyses of Cricket Biology. In: Tworzydlo, W., Bilinski, S. (eds) Evo-Devo: Non-model Species in Cell and Developmental Biology. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 68. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_8

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