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Breastfeeding Bodies and Choice in Late Capitalism

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Australian Mothering

Abstract

In a social culture that institutionally endorses Breast is Best policy, and yet commonly refers to the nation’s breastfeeding support agency as the nipple nazis or breastfeeding police, breastfeeding ‘culture’ is at best ambivalent in contemporary Australia. There have been numerous studies on what influences women’s choice to breastfeed or not, but most of them see breastfeeding as a personal choice and a personal practice which has varying levels of success or failure. Failure to breastfeed (through choice or practice) is interpreted as a personal failing of the mother. But neither choice nor practice is a simple concept, being contingent on at least our education, suburbs, peers, race, corporeality and personal histories. In this article, I follow through some of the consequences of breastfeeding as ‘choice’ and then propose some discursive options which might shift the direction of advocacy rhetoric.

The chapter was previously published as Alison Bartlett (2003), ‘Breastfeeding Bodies and Choice in Late Capitalism,’ Hecate, vol. 29, no. 2: 153–165.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Jill Day, ‘Nipple Nazis, Breastfeeding Police, or How the Media Can Shape Attitudes to Breastfeeding Support Groups,’ Ancient Art, Modern Miracle: Australian Breastfeeding Association International Conference Proceedings, Glen Iris (2001): 171–174.

  2. 2.

    Alan Warde and Lydia Martens, ‘A Sociological Approach to Food Choice: The Case of Eating Out,’ in ‘The Nation’s Diet’: The Social Science of Food Choice, ed. Anne Murcott (London: Longman, 1998), 130.

  3. 3.

    Warde and Martens, ‘A Sociological Approach to Food Choice,’ 130.

  4. 4.

    Elizabeth Grosz, Space, Time and Perversion (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1995), 1–2.

  5. 5.

    Elizabeth Grosz, Volatile Bodies: Toward a Feminist Corporeality (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1994).

  6. 6.

    Leslie Cannold, ‘Bottlefeeding Sinners and Breastfeeding Saints: The Erosion of Choice in the Infant Feeding Decision,’ Healthsharing Women 6, no. 1 (1995): 1–7.

  7. 7.

    Susan Maushart, The Mask of Motherhood: How Becoming a Mother Changes Everything and Why We Pretend It Doesn’t (Milsons Point: Random House, 1997), 220.

  8. 8.

    Maushart, The Mask of Motherhood, 227–228.

  9. 9.

    Maushart, The Mask of Motherhood, 227.

  10. 10.

    Anne M. Cronin, ‘Consumerism and “Compulsory Individuality”: Women, Will and Potential,’ in Transformation: Thinking Through Feminism, eds. Sara Ahmed, Jane Kilby, Celia Lury, Maureen McNeil and Beverley Skeggs (London: Routledge, 2000), 271–287.

  11. 11.

    Kathryn Lomer, ‘Bosom Buddies,’ Sydney Morning Herald Magazine, 26 June, 1999, 49.

  12. 12.

    Carrie Paechter, ‘Masculinities and Femininities as Communities of Practice,’ Women’s Studies International Forum 26, no. 1 (2003): 69–77.

  13. 13.

    Paechter, ‘Masculinities and Femininities as Communities of Practice,’ 70.

  14. 14.

    Jean Lave and Etiene Wenger in Paechter, ‘Masculinities and Femininities as Communities of Practice,’ 70.

  15. 15.

    Ellen McIntyre, Janet E. Hiller and Deborah Turnbull, ‘Determinants of Infant Feeding Practices in a Low Socio-Economic Area: Identifying Environmental Barriers to Breastfeeding,’ ANZJ Public Health 23, no. 2 (1999): 207; ‘Breastfeeding in Public Places,’ Journal of Human Lactation 15, no. 2 (1999): 131–135.

  16. 16.

    Maushart, The Mask of Motherhood, 228.

  17. 17.

    Pam Carter, Feminism, Breasts and Breastfeeding (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995), 1.

  18. 18.

    Virginia Schmied and Lesley Barclay, ‘Connection and Pleasure, Disruption and Distress: Women’s Experience of Breastfeeding,’ Journal of Human Lactation 15, no. 4 (1999): 325.

  19. 19.

    Linda Blum, At the Breast (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), 120.

  20. 20.

    Elizabeth Murphy, ‘“Breast Is Best”: Infant Feeding Decisions and Maternal Deviance,’ Sociology of Health & Illness 21, no. 2 (1999): 187.

  21. 21.

    Elizabeth Wilson, ‘Breastfeeding: Breaking Down the Barrier,’ Ancient Art, Modern Miracle: Australian Breastfeeding Association International Conference Proceedings, Glen Iris (ABA, 2001), 146–151.

  22. 22.

    Bernice L. Hausman, ‘Rational Management: Medical Authority and Ideological Conflict in Ruth Lawrence’s Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession,’ Technical Communication Quarterly 9, no. 3 (2000): 273–275. See also Petra Büskens, ‘The Impossibility of “Natural Parenting” for Modern Mothers: On Social Structure and the Formation of Habit,’ Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering 3, no. 1 (2001): 75–86.

  23. 23.

    Hausman, ‘Rational Management,’ 281.

  24. 24.

    Hausman, ‘Rational Management,’ 286. For a fuller discussion see her book, Mother’s Milk: Breastfeeding Controversies in American Culture (New York: Routledge, 2003).

  25. 25.

    Murphy, ‘Breast Is Best,’ 17, 4.

  26. 26.

    Fiona Giles, ‘Fountains of Love and Loveliness: In Praise of the Dripping Wet Breast,’ Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering 4, no. 1 (2002): 17. See also Fiona Giles, Fresh Milk: The Secret Life of Breasts (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2003).

  27. 27.

    Alison Bartlett, ‘Maternal Sexuality and Breastfeeding,’ Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning 5, no.1 (2005): 67–77.

  28. 28.

    Maushart, The Mask of Motherhood, 221–222.

  29. 29.

    Mary Black, ‘Breast Feeding and My Brain,’ British Medical Journal 318 (1999): 545.

  30. 30.

    Adrienne Rich, Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (London: Virago, 1997), 284.

  31. 31.

    Louise Erdick Extract from The Blue Jay’s Dance, in The Fruits of Labour: Creativity, Self-Expression and Motherhood, ed. Penny Sumner (London: The Women’s Press, 2001), 28.

  32. 32.

    Wendy Simonds, ‘Watching the Clock: Keeping Time During Pregnancy, Birth, and Postpartum Experiences,’ Social Science & Medicine 55, no. 4 (2002): 559–570.

  33. 33.

    Elizabeth Grosz, ‘Notes Towards a Corporeal Feminism,’ Australian Feminist Studies 5 (1987): 1–16; Julia Kristeva, ‘Women’s Time,’ in The Portable Kristeva, ed. Kelly Oliver (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), 349–369.

  34. 34.

    See Joan Tronto, ‘Time’s Place,’ Feminist Theory 4, no. 2 (2003): 119–138.

  35. 35.

    Grosz, ‘Notes Towards a Corporeal Feminism,’ 26.

  36. 36.

    Australian, 2 July, 2003.

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Bartlett, A. (2019). Breastfeeding Bodies and Choice in Late Capitalism. In: Pascoe Leahy, C., Bueskens, P. (eds) Australian Mothering. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20267-5_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20267-5_13

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20266-8

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