Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mesothelioma

  • 515 Accesses

Abstract

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Unlike many solid cancers in which tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor, the assessment of the extent of tumour in MPM presents unique difficulties in accurate staging due to the anatomical nature of the tumour. The extension of the tumour, described as T factor, correlates with prognosis. Accurate lymph node staging in MPM is crucial as the presence of lymph node metastases adversely affects outcome. The eighth TNM staging system is the most recent and updated staging system internationally used.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Pass HI, Temeck BK, Kranda K, et al. Preoperative tumor volume is associated with outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115:310–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nowak AK, Francis RJ, Phillips MJ, et al. A novel prognostic model for malignant mesothelioma incorporating quantitative FDG-PET imaging with clinical parameters. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:2409–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nowak AK, Chansky K, Rice DC, et al. The IASLC mesothelioma staging project: proposals for revisions of the T descriptors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification for pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:2089–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Rice D, Chansky K, Nowak A, Pass H, Kindler H, Shemanski L, Opitz I, Call S, Hasegawa S, Kernstine K, Atinkaya C, Rea F, Nafteux P, Rusch VW. Mesothelioma domain of the IASLC staging and prognostic factors committee, advisory boards and participating institutions. The IASLC mesothelioma staging project: proposals for revisions of the N descriptors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification for pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:2100–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hallifax RJ, Rahman NM. Pleural embryology and gross structure, circulation, lymphatics, and nerves. In: Light RW, Gary Lee YC, editors. Textbook of pleural diseases. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rusch VW, Venkatraman ES. Important prognostic factors in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, managed surgically. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:1799–804.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sugarbaker DJ, Flores RM, Jaklitsch MT, et al. Resection margins, extrapleural nodal status, and cell type determine postoperative long-term survival in trimodality therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma: results in 183 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117:54–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Baas P, Fennell D, Kerr KM, Van Schil PE, Haas RL, Peters S. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl 5):v31–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Butchart EG, Ashcroft T, Barnsley WC, et al. Pleuropneumonectomy in the management of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. Experience with 29 patients. Thorax. 1976;31:15–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sugarbaker DJ, Strauss GM, Lynch TJ, et al. Node status has prognostic significance in the multimodality therapy of diffuse, malignant mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:1172–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chahinian AP. Therapeutic modalities in malignant pleural mesothelioma. In: Chretien J, Hirsch A, editors. Diseases of the pleura. New York: Masson; 1983. p. 224–36.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rusch VW. A proposed new international TNM staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma from the international mesothelioma interest group. Lung Cancer. 1996;14:1–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Truong MT, Viswanathan C, Godoy MB, Carter BW, Marom EM. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: role of CT, MRI, and PET/CT in staging evaluation and treatment considerations. Semin Roentgenol. 2013;48:323–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kitajima K, Doi H, Kuribayashi K. Present and future roles of FDG-PET/CT imaging in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Jpn J Radiol. 2016;34:537–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sharif S, Zahid I, Routledge T, Scarci M. Does positron emission tomography offer prognostic information in malignant pleural mesothelioma? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2011;12(5):806–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bille A, Chicklore S, Okiror L, Cook GJ, Spicer J, Landau D, Lang-Lazdunski L. Patterns of disease progression on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma undergoing multimodality therapy with pleurectomy/decortication. Nucl Med Commun. 2013;34(11):1075–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bonomi M, De Filippis C, Lopci E, Gianoncelli L, Rizzardi G, Cerchiaro E, Bortolotti L, Zanello A, Ceresoli GL. Clinical staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma: current perspectives. Lung Cancer (Auckl). 2017;8:127–39.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rusch VW, Chansky K, Kindler HL, Nowak AK, Pass HI, Rice DC, Shemanski L, Galateau-Sallé F, BC MC, Nakano T, Ruffini E, van Meerbeeck JP, Yoshimura M. The IASLC mesothelioma staging project: proposals for the M descriptors and for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (eighth) edition of the TNM classification for mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(12):2112–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wechsler RJ, Rao VM, Steiner RM. The radiology of thoracic malignant mesothelioma. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1984;20(4):283–310.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nickell LT Jr, Lichtenberger JP 3rd, Khorashadi L, Abbott GF, Carter BW. Multimodality imaging for characterization, classification, and staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Radiographics. 2014;34(6):1692–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kindler HL, Ismaila N, Armato SG 3rd, Bueno R, Hesdorffer M, Jahan T, Jones CM, Miettinen M, Pass H, Rimner A, Rusch V, Sterman D, Thomas A, Hassan R. Treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(13):1343–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Patz EF Jr, Shaffer K, Piwnica-Worms DR, et al. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: value of CT and MR imaging in predicting resectability. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;159:961–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gerbaudo VH, Sugarbaker DJ, Britz-Cunningham S, Di Carli MF, Mauceri C, Treves ST. Assessment of malignant pleural mesothelioma with 18F-FDG dual-head gamma-camera coincidence imaging: comparison with histopathology. J Nucl Med. 2002;9:1144–9.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Flores R. The role of PET in the surgical management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer. 2005;7:S27–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Erasmus JJ, Truong MT, Smythe WR, et al. Integrated computed-tomography in patients with potentially resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma: staging implications. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;6:1364–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Boutin C, Rey F, Gouvernet J, Viallat JR, Astoul P, Ledoray V. Thoracoscopy in pleural malignant mesothelioma: a prospective study of 188 consecutive patients. Part 2: prognosis and staging. Cancer. 1993;72(2):394–404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sørensen JB, Ravn J, Loft A, et al. Preoperative staging of mesothelioma by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography fused imaging and mediastinoscopy compared to pathological findings after extrapleural pneumonectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;34:1090–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Rice DC, Erasmus JJ, Stevens CW, et al. Extended surgical staging for potentially resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:1988–92; discussion 1992–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wald O, Groth SS, Burt BM, Sugarbaker DJ. Role of thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy and laparoscopy in the diagnosis and staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Vis Surg. 2016;2:129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK

    Lawrence Okiror

  2. Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London, UK

    Andrea Bille

Authors
  1. Lawrence Okiror
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrea Bille
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Bille .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

    Giovanni Luca Ceresoli

  2. Scientific Direction, Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

    Emilio Bombardieri

  3. Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy

    Maurizio D'Incalci

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Okiror, L., Bille, A. (2019). Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. In: Ceresoli, G., Bombardieri, E., D'Incalci, M. (eds) Mesothelioma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16884-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16884-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16883-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16884-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation