Abstract
Lower blepharoplasty has evolved significantly over the last several decades from a volume-depleting procedure to a volume-preserving procedure. In the days past, the surgeon would remove significant amounts of fat with aggressive skin-muscle resection utilizing the skin-muscle flap approach. This led to a hollowed, surgical look that soon began to fall out of favor not to mention an unacceptably high incidence of lower eyelid retraction [1]. In the last two decades, lower eyelid blepharoplasty has progressed to a volume conservation procedure with more conservative resection of fat or repositioning of fat using a transconjunctival approach with skin maintenance using a separate method such as laser resurfacing, skin pinch, lateral orbicularis muscle or lateral canthal tightening, or excising skin laterally [2–4]. This maximally preserves orbital septum and infraciliary orbicularis muscle minimizing the risk of lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.
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Patel, R.M., Putterman, A.M. (2019). Lower Blepharoplasty: Skin-Muscle Flap Approach. In: Cohen, A., Burkat, C. (eds) Oculofacial, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2_25
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