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Introduction

  • Jan Frederik TotzEmail author
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Springer Theses book series (Springer Theses)

Abstract

The second law of thermodynamics [1] states, that during an irreversible process the total entropy S in an isolated system always grows \(\frac{d_i S}{d t} > 0\). As time passes, matter will decay from an ordered, but improbable state to a disordered and more probable state. Yet structures of high order, namely life forms, exist and very successfully so: From the microscopic bacterium Pelagibacter ubique [2] that measures just about 5\(\,\upmu {\text {m}}\) but makes up for the largest cumulated species biomass worldwide to the orders of magnitude larger blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) reaching about 30\({\,\text {m}}\) in size [3]. Life prevails despite inhospitable environments that are devoid of oxygen [4], below freezing at −20\(\,^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\) [5] or close to boiling temperatures [6], to just give a few examples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institut für Theoretische PhysikTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany

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