Abstract
Earthquakes are a conspicuous manifestation of active processes in and around the Iberian Peninsula, providing evidence for active faulting at the plate boundary zone, as well as across large intraplate areas. An extensive sample of faulting from many individual structures is provided through the earthquakes that appear in the geological, historical and instrumental records. Modern seismic broadband networks allow for estimating earthquake source parameters routinely. The distribution of hypocenters locates the zones of principal stress release, and focal mechanism depict the variety of different tectonic regimes over the region. Older earthquakes have been studied from paleoseismology, macroseismic information or analogue recordings, improving our understanding of long-term characteristics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe K (1979) Size of great earthquakes of 1837–1974 inferred from tsunami data, J. Geophys. Res., 84: 1561–1568.
Akoglu AM, Cakir Z, Meghraoui M et al (2006) The 1994–2004 Al Hoceima (Morocco) earthquake sequence: Conjugate fault ruptures deduced from InSAR. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 252: 467–480.
Alberola A (1995) Catástrofe e Historia: el terremoto valenciano de 1748. En Homenaje a Antonio Bethencourt Massieu. Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria 59–82.
Alvarez-Gómez JA, Aniel-Quiroga I, González M et al (2011) Scenarios for earthquake-generated tsunamis on a complex tectonic area of diffuse deformation and low velocity: The Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean. Marine Geology 284: 55–73.
Asensio E, Khazaradze G, Echeverría A et al (2012) GPS studies of active deformation in the Pyrenees, Geophys. J. Int., 190: 913–921.
Badal J, Samardjieva E, Payo G. (2000) Moment magnitude for early (1923–1961) instrumental Iberian earthquakes. Bull Seism Soc Am 90:1161–1173.
Bakun WH, Scotti O (2006) Regional intensity attenuation models for France and the estimation of magnitude and location of historical earthquakes. Geophys J Int 164: 596–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02808.x.
Bakun WH, Wentworth CM (1997) Estimating earthquake location and magnitude from seismic intensity data. Bull Seism Soc Am 87:1502–1521.
Baptista MA, Miranda JM (2009) Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis, Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 9(1): 25–42.
Baptista MA, Miranda JM, Batlló J (2014) The 1531 Lisbon Earthquake: A Tsunami in the Tagus Estuary? Bull Seism Soc Am 104:2149–2161. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130316.
Batlló J (2004) Catálogo - Inventario de Sismógrafos Antiguos Españoles. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid (in Spanish).
Batlló J (2006) Seismoscopes in Spain. Another Instrumental Seismology. In: Wyka E, Kluza M, Zawada AK (eds) East and West. The Common European Heritage. Proceedings of the 3 V Scientific Instrument Symposium. Jagiellonian University Museum, Krakow. pp 155–160.
Batlló J (2014) Historical seismometer. In: Beer M, Patelli E, Kougioumtzoglou IA, Siu-Kui Au I (eds.) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_171-1.
Batlló J, Stich D, Macià R (2008a) Quantitative analysis of early seismograph recordings, In: Fréchet J, Meghraoui M, Stucchi M (eds). Historical Seismology, Series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, Vol. 2:385–402.
Batlló J, Stich D, Palombo B, Macia R, Morales J (2008b) The 1951 Mw 5.2 and Mw 5.3 Jaén, Southern Spain, Earthquake Doublet Revisited. Bull Seism Soc Am 98: 1535–1545. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070038.
Batlló J, Stich D, Macia R, Morales J (2010) Moment Tensor Inversion for the 5 July 1930 Montilla Earthquake (Southern Spain). Seismol Res Lett 81:724–731.
Batlló J, Martínez Solares JM, Macià R, Stich D, Morales J, Garrido L (2015) The autumn 1919 Torremendo (Jacarilla) earthquake series (SE Spain). Ann Geophys 58 (3). https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6686.
Becker JJ, Sandwell D, Smith T (2009) Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS. Marine Geodesy,32: 355–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490410903297766.
Benito B, Capote R, Murphy et al (2007) An overview of the damage and low magnitude Mw 4.8 La Paca earthquake on 29 January 2005: Context, seismotectonic, and seismic risk implications for Southeast Spain. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 97: 671–690.
Besana-Ostman GM, Vilanova SP, Nemser ES (2012) Large Holocene earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley fault zone, central Portugal, Seismological Research Letters, 83(1): 67–76.
Bezada MJ, Humphreys ED (2012) Contrasting rupture processes during the April 11, 2010 deep-focus earthquake beneath Granada, Spain. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 353: 38–46.
Bezada MJ, Hymphreys ED, Toomey D R et al (2013) Evidence for slab rollback in westernmost Mediterranean from improved upper mantle imaging. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 368:51–60.
Bezzeghoud M, Buforn E (1999) Source parameters of the 1992 Melilla (Spain, Mw = 4.8), 1994 Alhoceima (Morocco, Mw = 5.8), and 1994 Mascara 8Algeria, Mw = 5.7) earthquakes and seismotectonic implications, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am 89:359–372.
Biggs J, Bergman E, Emmerson B et al (2006) Fault identification for buried strike-slip earthquakes using InSAR: The 1994 and 2004 Al Hoceima, Morocco earthquakes. Geophys. J. Int. 166: 1347–1362.
Blanco MJ, Spakman W (1993) The P-wave velocity structure of the mantle below the Iberian Peninsula—evidence for subducted lithosphere below southern Spain. Tectonophysics 221: 13–34.
Bonnin M, Nolet G, Villaseñor A et al (2014) Multiple-frequency tomography of the upper mantle beneath the African/Iberian collision zone. Geophys. J. Int. (2014) 198, 1458–1473. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu214.
Bousquet JC (1979), Quaternary strike-slip faults in southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics, 52: 277–286.
Buforn, E., P. Coca, A. Udías, et al (1997) Source mechanism of intermediate and deep earthquakes in southern Spain. J. Seismol., 1: 113–130 https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009754219459.
Buforn E, Coca P (2002) Seismic moment tensor for intermediate depth earthquakes at regional distances in southern Spain, Tectonophysics 356: 49–63.
Buforn E, Bezzeghoud M, Udias A et al (2004) Seismic sources on the Oberia-African plate boundary and their tectonic implications. Pure appl. Geophys. 161:623–646. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39211.
Buforn E, Benito B, Sanz de Galdeano C et al (2005) Study of the damaging earthquakes of 1911, 1999, and 2002 in the Murcia, Southeastern Spain, region: seismotectonic and seismic-risk implications. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 95: 549–567.
Buforn E, Pro C, Cesca S et al (2011) The 2010 Granada, Spain, deep earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 101: 2418–2430.
Buforn E, Udías A, Sanz de Galdeano C, Cesca S (2015) The 1748 Montesa (southeast Spain) earthquake. A singular event. Tectonophysics 664:139–153. doi:10.1016/ j.tecto.2015.09.005.
Byerly P (1928) The nature of the first motion in the Chilean earthquake of November 11. Am J Sci Series 5, Vol. 16:232–236.
Cabral, J (2012) Neotectonics of mainland Portugal: state of the art and future perspectives, Journal of Iberian Geology, 38(1).
Cabral J, Moniz C, Batlló J, et al (2013) The 1909 Benavente (Portugal) earthquake: search for the source, Nat Hazards 69(2):1211–1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-0062-8.
Cakir Z, Meghraoui M, Akoglu AM et al (2006) Surface Deformation Associated with the Mw 6.4, 24 February 2004 Al Hoceima, Morocco, Earthquake Deduced from InSAR: Implications for the Active Tectonics along North Africa, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 96: 59–68.
Calais E, DeMets C, Nocquet JM (2003) Evidence for a post-3.16-Ma change in Nubia–Eurasia–North America plate motions? Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216 (1–2): 81–92.
Calvert A, Sandvol E, Seber D et al (2000) Geodynamic evolution of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Alboran region of the western Mediterranean: constraints from travel time tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 898.
Canora C, Vilanova SP, Besana-Ostman GM et al (2015) The Eastern Lower Tagus Valley Fault Zone in central Portugal: Active faulting in a low-deformation region within a major river environment. Tectonophysics 660:117–131. doi:org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.026.
Cara C, Ruiz E, Oliva J et al (2008). Conversion of olive tree biomass into fermentable sugars by dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. Bioresource technology, 99(6), 1869–1876.
Custódio S, Dias N, Carrilho, F. et al (2015) Earthquakes in western Iberia: Improving the understanding of lithospheric deformation in a slowly deforming region, Geophysical Journal International, 203(1): 127–145.
Chertova MV, Spakman W, Geenen T et al (2014) Underpinning tectonic reconstructions of the western Mediterranean region with dynamic slab evolution from 3-D numerical modeling, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119: 5876–5902, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011150.
Chevrot S, Sylvander M and Delouis B (2011) A preliminary catalog of moment tensors for the Pyrenees, Tectonophysics 510: 239–251.
Chung W, Kanamori, H (1976). Source process and tectonic implications of the Spanish deep-focus earthquake of March 29, 1954, Phys. Earth Planet. In. 13: 85–96.
Cunha TA, Matias LM, Terrinha P et al (2012) Neotectonics of the SW Iberia margin, Gulf of Cadiz and Alboran Sea: A reassessment including recent structural, seismic and geodetic data: Geophysical Journal International, v. 188: 850–872, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05328.x.
Custódio S, Batlló J, Martins D. et al (2012b) Station COI: Undusting an Old Seismic Station. Seismol Res Lett 83(5): 863–869. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120014.
Custódio S, Cesca S, Heimann, S (2012a) Fast kinematic waveform inversion and robustness analysis: Application to the 2007 Mw 5.9 Horseshoe Abyssal Plain earthquake offshore southwest Iberia, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102(1): 361–376.
Custódio S, Lima V, Vales D et al (2016) Imaging active faulting in a region of distributed deformation from the joint clustering of focal mechanisms and hypocentres: Application to the Azores–western Mediterranean region, Tectonophysics, 676: 70–89.
De Larouzière FD, Bolze J, Bordet P et al (1988) The Betic segment of the lithospheric trans-Alboran shear zone during the late Miocene Tectonophysics, 152: 41–52.
De Vicente G, Cloetingh S, Muñoz-Martín A et al (2008). Inversion of moment tensor focal mechanisms for active stresses around the microcontinent Iberia: Tectonic implications. Tectonics 27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006tc002093.
Dewey J, Byerly P (1969) The early history of seismometry (to 1900). Bull Seism Soc Am 59:183–227.
Domingues A, Custódio S, Cesca S (2013) Waveform inversion of small-to-moderate earthquakes located offshore southwest Iberia, Geophysical Journal International, 192(1): 248–259.
Duarte JC, Rosas FM, Terrinha P et al (2011) Thrust–wrench interference tectonics in the gulf of Cadiz (Africa–Iberia plate boundary in the north-east Atlantic): Insights from analog models, Marine Geology, 289(1–4): 135–149.
Dziewonski AM, Chou T-A, Woodhouse JH (2001) Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2825–2852, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb086ib04p02825.
Echeverría A, Khazaradze G, Asensio E et al (2013) Crustal deformation in eastern Betics from CuaTeNeo GPS network. Tectonophysics 608: 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.020.
Faccenna C, Piromallo C, Crespo-Blanc A et al (2004) Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs. Tectonics 23: TC1012.
Ferry Borges J, Ravara A, Oliveira CS (1976) Dados de base sobre risco sismico en Portugal. Lisboa, Lab. Nac. de Eng. Civil.
Fonseca, JFBD (2005). 1755: o terramoto de Lisboa = the Lisbon earthquake. Lisboa, Argumentum.
Fonseca JFBD, Gutscher MA (2005) The source of the Lisbon earthquake. Science 308: 50–52. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.308.5718.50b.
Frohlich C (2006) Deep Earthquakes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 570 pp.
Fukao Y (1973) Thrust faulting at a lithospheric plate boundary: the Portugal earthquake of 1969. Earth Planet Sci Lett 18:205–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(73)90058-7.
Galindo-Zaldívar J, Jabaloy A, Serrano I et al (1999). Recent and present-day stresses in the Granada Basin (Betic Cordilleras): Example of a late Miocene–present-day extensional basin in a convergent plate boundary. Tectonics 18:686–702.
Gasperini P, Bernardini F, Valensise S, Boschi E (1999) Defining seismogenic sources from historical earthquake felt reports. Bull Seism Soc Am 89:94–110.
Geiger L (1910) Herdbestimmung bei Erdbeben aus den Ankunftszeiten. Nachrichten Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 331–349.
Geissler W H, Matias L, Stich D et al (2010) Focal mechanisms for sub-crustal earthquakes in the gulf of Cadiz from a dense OBS deployment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37(18), L18309.
Gentil, P (1989) El riesgo sísmico en Sevilla. Univ de Sevilla, Serie Arquitectura 11.
Gilbert F (1970) Excitation of the normal modes of the earth by earthquake sources. Geophys J R Astr Soc 22:223–226.
Giner-Robles JL, Elez J, Silva PG, et al (2016) Definición de fuentes sísmicas de terremotos históricos a partir de la escala de intensidades macrosísmicas ESI-07 y la modelización por SHAKEMAPS. Implicaciones en la peligrosidad sísmica. Geo-Temas 16:669–672.
Goded T, Buforn E, Muñoz D (2008) The 1494 and 1680 Málaga (South Spain) earthquakes. Seismol Res Lett 79:709–715.
Gomez-Capera AA, Rovida A, Gasperini P, Stucchi M, Viganò D (2015) The determination of earthquake location and magnitude from macroseismic data in Europe. Bull Earthq Eng 13(5):1249–1280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9672-3.
González A (2016) The Spanish National Earthquake Catalogue: Evolution, precision and completeness. J Seismol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9610-8.
Gràcia E, Pallàs R, Soto JI et al (2006) Active faulting offshore SE Spain (Alboran Sea): Implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the Southern Iberia Margin, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241: 734–749.
Grandin R, Borges JF, Bezzeghoud M, Caldeira B, Carrilho F (2007) Simulations of strong ground motion in SW Iberia for the 1969 February 28 (Ms = 8.0) and the 1755 November 1 (M ∼ 8.5) earthquakes – II. Strong ground motion simulations. Geophysical Journal International 171: 807–822. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03571.x.
Grevemeyer I, Matias, L, Silva, S (2016) Mantle earthquakes beneath the south Iberia continental margin and gulf of Cadiz – constraints from an onshore-offshore seismological network, Journal of Geodynamics, 99: 39–50.
Grevemeyer I, Lange D, Villinger H et al (2017) Seismotectonics of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain and Gorringe Bank, eastern Atlantic Ocean - constraints from ocean-bottom seismometer data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, now online.
Grimison NL, Chen WP (1986) The Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary: Focal mechanisms, depths of earthquakes, and their tectonic implications, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 91(B2): 2029–2047.
Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1942) Earthquake Magnitude, Intensity, Energy and Acceleration. Bull Seismol Soc Amer 32:163–191.
Gutscher MA (2012) Subduction beneath Gibraltar? Recent studies provide answers, EOS 93: 133–140.
Gutscher MA, Dominguez S, Westbrook G et al (2009) Deep structure, recent deformation and analog modeling of the Gulf of CAdiz accretionary wedge: implications for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, Tectonophysics 475:85–97.
Heidbach OM, Rajabi K. Reiter M et al (2016) World Stress Map Database Release 2016, GFZ Data Services, https://doi.org/10.5880/wsm.2016.001.
Hodgson JH, Cock JI (1956) Direction of Faulting in the Deep-Focus Spanish Earthquake of March 29, 1954. Tellus 8:321–328.
Inglada V (1926) Cálculo de las coordenadas del foco sísmico y del instante inicial de la sacudida por medio de las horas del principio de los sismogramas registrados en varias estaciones próximas. Editorial Clasica española, Madrid.
Jackson, JA (2002) Using Earthquakes for Continental Tectonic Geology, In: Lee, WHK, Kanamori H., Jennings PC., Kisslinger E. (ed): International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology, International Geophysics Series 81A, Academic Press, Amsterdam, 491–503.
Johnston AC (1996) Seismic moment assessment of earthquakes in stable continental regions. – III. New Madrid 1811–1812, Charleston 1886 and Lisbon 1755. Geophys J Int 126:314-344.
Kanamori H (1988) Importance of Historical Seismograms for Geophysical Research. In: Lee WHK, Meyers H, Shimazaki K (eds) Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes of the World, Academic Press, San Diego, pp 16–33.
Larramendi JA (1829) Memoria y relación circunstanciada de los estragos que la terrible catástrofe de los terremotos de 21 de marzo y siguientes, principalmente, el del Sábado Santo 18 de abril hasta el presente día, han causado en Torrevieja y demás pueblos de la gobernación de Orihuela y sus inmediaciones, en la ciudad de Murcia y algunos pueblos de la provincia de este nombre. Imprenta Real, Madrid.
Leblanc D and Olivier P (1984) Role of strike slip faults in the betic-Rifian Orogeny. Tectonophysics 101: 345–355.
Lonergan L, White N (1997). Origin of the Betic-Rif mountain belt. Tectonics 16: 504–522.
López C, Muñoz D (2003) Magnitude formulas in the Spanish bulletins and catalogues. Fís Tierra 15:49–71.
López-Comino JA, Stich D, Morales J et al (2016) Resolution of rupture directivity in weak events: 1-D versus 2-D source parameterizations for the 2011, Mw 4.6 and 5.2 Lorca earthquakes, Spain, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 121, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013227.
López-Comino JA, Mancilla, F, Morales J et al (2012) Rupture directivity of the 2011, Mw 5.2 Lorca earthquake (Spain). Geophysical Research Letters 39, L03301, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050498.
Mancilla F, Ammon CJ, Herrmann RB et al (2002). Faulting parameters of the 1999 Mula earthquake, southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 354:139–155.
Mancilla F, Del Pezzo, E, Stich D et al (2012) QP and QS in the upper mantle beneath the Iberian Peninsula from recordings of the very deep Granada earthquake of April 11, 2010. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L09303.
Mancilla F, Stich D, Berrocoso M et al (2013) Delamination in the Betic Range: deep structure, seismicity, and GPS motion. Geology 41: 307–310. http://dx.doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1130/g33733.1.
Mancilla F, Booth-Rea G, Stich D et al (2015) Slab rupture and delamination under the Betics and Rif constrained from receiver functions. Tectonophysics 663:225–237.
Martín R, Stich D, Morales et al (2015) Moment tensor solutions for the Iberian-Maghreb region during the IberArray deployment (2009–2013) Tectonophysics 663: 261–274.
Martínez-Díaz, JJ (2002) Stress field variation related to fault interaction in a reverse oblique-slip fault: The Alhama de Murcia fault, Betic Cordillera, Spain, Tectonophysics, 356:291–305.
Martínez-Díaz JJ, Bejar-Pizarro M, Álvarez-Gómez JA et al (2012), Tectonic and seismic implications of an intersegment rupture. The damaging May 11th 2011 Mw 5.2 Lorca, Spain, earthquake, Tectonophysics, 546–547:28–37.
Martínez‐García A (2012). Influencia genética en la coloración, tamaño y carga parasitaria de abubillas. Posible papel del color en la señalización del parasitismo. Doctoral Thesis, Univ. Granada.
Martínez-Loriente S, Gràcia E, Bartolome R et al (2014) Active faulting in the mesozoic oceanic lithosphere offshore the SW Iberian margin. Significance for earrhquake and tsunami hazard. In: Abstract of Iberfault 2ª reunión Ibérica sobre fallas activas y paleosismología, Lorca, España 22–24 October 2014.
Martínez-Solares JM (2001). Los efectos en España del terremoto de Lisboa:(1 de noviembre de 1755). Dirección General del Instituto Geográfico Nacional.
Martínez-Solares JM, Lopez Arroyo A (2004) The great historical 1755 earthquake. Effects and damage in Spain. J Seismol 8:275:294.
Martínez-Solares JM, Mezcua J (2002) Catálogo sísmico de la península Ibérica (880 a.C. – 1900). Monografia 18, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid, p 253 + 1 map.
Masana E, Villamarín JA, Cabañero JS, Plaza J, Santanach P (2001a) Seismogenic faulting in an area of low seismic activity: Paleoseismicity of the El Camp fault (Northeast Spain). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences/Geologie en Mijnbouw 80(3–4):229–241.
Masana E, Villamarín JA, Santanach P (2001b) Paleoseismic results from multiple trenching analysis along a silent fault: The El Camp fault (Tarragona, northeastern Iberian Peninsula). Acta Geológica Hispánica 36(3–4): 329-354.
Masana, E, Martínez-Díaz JJ, Hernández-Enrile JL, Santanach P (2004), The Alhama de Murcia fault (SE Spain), a seismogenic fault in a diffuse plate boundary: Seismotectonic implications for the Ibero- Magrebian region, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B01301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jb002359.
Masana E, Pallas R, Perea H et al (2005) Large Holocene morphogenic earthquakes along the Albox fault, Betic Cordillera, Spain. Journal of Geodynamics 40: 119–133.
McClusky S, Reilinger R, Mahmoud S, et al (2003)Seismogenic GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophysical Journal International 155: 126–138, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.02023.x.
Mendes-Victor L, Oliveira CS, Azevedo J, Ribeiro A (eds) (2009) The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake: Revisited. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 7, Springer, Amsterdam, XVI + 597.
Mezcua J (1982) Catálogo General de Isosistas de la Península Ibérica. Pub 202, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid, pp 62 + 260 maps.
Mezcua, J, Rueda J (1997) Seismological evidence for a delamination process in the lithosphere under the Alboran Sea. Geophys. J. Int. 129: 1–8.
Mezcua J, Martínez Solares JM (1983) Sismicidad del area Ibero-Mogrebi, Pub 203, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid, pp 300 + 1 map.
Mezcua J, Herraiz M, Buforn E (1984) Study of the 6 June 1977 Lorca (Spain) earthquake and its aftershock sequence. Bull Seism Soc Am 74:167–179.
Mezcua J, Rueda J, García Blanco RM (2004) Reevaluation of historic earthquakes in Spain. Seismol Res Lett 75:75–81.
Mezcua J, Rueda J, García Blanco RM (2013) Iberian Peninsula Historical Seismicity Revisited: An Intensity Data Bank. Seismol Res Lett 84:9–18.
Michetti AM et al (2007) Intensity Scale ESI 2007. In: Guerrieri L, Vittori E (eds), Mem. Descr. Carta Geologica d’Italia, Servizio Geologico d’Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, APAT, Rome, 74p.
Molnar P, Lyon-Caen H (1988) Some simple physical aspects of the support, structure, and evolution of mountain belts. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 218:179–207.
Morales J, Singh SK, Ordaz M (1996) Analysis of the Granada (Spain) earthquake of 24 June, 1984 (M = 5) with emphasis on seismic hazard in the Granada Basin (1996). Tectonophysics 257:253–263.
Morales J, Serrano I, Vidal F et al (1997) The depth of the earthquake activity in the Central Betics (Southern Spain). Geophys. Res. Lett. 24: 3289–3292.
Morales J, Serrano I, Jabaloy A et al (1999) Active continental subduction beneath the Betic Cordillera and Alboran Sea, Geology, 27: 735–738.
Morales J, Cantavella JV, Mancilla F et al (2014) Bull Earthquake Eng. 12:1871–1888 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9476-x.
Morales J, Azañón JM, Stich D (2015) The 2012–2013 earthquake swarm in the eastern Guadalquivir basin (South Spain): A case of heterogeneous faulting due to oroclinal bending. Gondwana Research 28:1566–1578.
Muñoz D, Udías A (1980) Estudio de los parámetros y serie de réplicas del terremoto de Andalucia del 25 de diciembre de 1884, y de la sismicidad de Granada-Málaga. En: El terremoto de Andalucia del 25 de diciembre de 1885, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid, p 95–139.
Munuera JM (1963) Datos básicos para un estudio de sismicidad en el área de la península Ibérica (Seismic Data). Mem. Inst. Geográfico y Catastral, Tomo 3XII, cuad. I, pp 93.
Neres M, Bouchez JL, Terrinha P et al (2014). Magnetic fabric in a Cretaceous sill (Foz da Fonte, Portugal): flow model and implications for regional magmatism, Geophysical Journal International, 199(1): 78–101.
Nguyen N, Vernant P, Mazzotti S et al (2016) 3D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees. Solid Earth, 7, 1349–1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1349-2016.
Nocquet JM (2012) Present-day kinematics of the Mediterranean: A comprehensive overview of GPS results, Tectonophysics, 579: 220–242.
Ocaña E (2009) Análisis espacial de la actividad sísmica reciente del sur de España. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidad de Granada 298 pp (In Spanish).
Ocaña E, Stich D, Carmona E et al (2008) Spatial analysis of the La Paca, SE Spain, 2005 seismic series through the relative location of multiplets and principal component analysis, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 166: 117–127.
Oliveira CS (1986) A sismicidade histórica e a revisao do catálogo sísmico. Lab Nac de Eng Civil, Lisboa, p 203.
Olivera C, Redondo E, Lambert J, Riera Melis A, Roca A (2006) Els terratrèmols dels segles XIV I XV a Catalunya. Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, Barcelona. Available from http://www.igc.cat/web/ca/sismologia_bdmacrosis.html. Accessed 10 January 2017.
Palano M, González PJ, Fernández J (2015) The Diffuse Plate boundary of Nubia and Iberia in the Western Mediterranean: Crustal deformation evidence for viscous coupling and fragmented lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 430: 439–447.
Palombo B, Pino NA (2013) On the recovery and analysis of historical seismograms. Ann Geophys 56(3) RV0326. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6270.
Pedrera A, Ruiz-Constán A, Galindo-Zaldivar J et al (2011), Is there an active subduction beneath the Gibraltar orogenic arc? Constraints from Pliocene to present-day stress field, J. Geodyn., 52, 83–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2010.12.003.
Pedrera A, Galindo-Zaldívar J, Marín-Lechado C et al (2012) Recent and active faults and folds in the central-eastern Internal Zones of the Betic Cordillera. J. Iber. Geol. 38, 191–208.
Pereira de Sousa LF (1919–1932) O Terremoto do 1º de Novembro de 1755 em Portugal e um Estudo Demográfico (IV vol.). Memórias do Serviço Geológico de Portugal.
Pro C, Buforn E, Cesca S et al (2014) Ruptures process of the Lorca (southeast Spain) 11 May 2011 (Mw = 5.1) earthquake, J. Seismol., 18: 481–495.
Rodríguez-Pascua MA, Heras C, Bastida AB, Giner-Robles JL, Silva PG, Perucha, MA, Roquero E, Carrasco-García P, Pérez-López R, Lario J, Bardaji T (2015) New insights on the occurrence of ancient earthquakes in Central Spain: Archaeo-seismology of the Complutum area (4th century AD, Madrid). Miscellanea INGV, 27:402–405.
Serpelloni E, G Vannucci, Pondrelli, S et al (2007) Kinematics of the Western Africa–Eurasia plate boundary from focal mechanisms and GPS data. Geophysical Journal International 169: 1180–1200.
Reicherter KR, Galindo-Zaldivar J, Ruano P et al (2003). Repeated paleoseismic activity of the Ventas de Zafarraya fault (S. Spain) and its relation with the 1884 Andalusian earthquake, Int. J. Earth Sci. 93: 912–922.
Reid HF (1914) The Lisbon earthquake of November 1, 1755. Bull Seism Soc Am 4(2): 53–80.
Ribeiro JR, Ribeiro A., Correia AP (2015). Solving the Mystery: The 21 October 1880 Portuguese Earthquake. Seismological Research Letters, 86(3), 991–998.
Richter CF (1935) An Instrumental Earthquake Magnitude Scale. Bull Seism Soc Am 25:1–32.
Rigo A, Vernant P, Feigl KL et al (2015) Present-day deformation of the Pyrenees revealed by GPS surveying and earthquake focal mechanisms until 2011, Geophys. J. Int., 201(2): 947–964, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv052, 2015.
Rockwell T, Fonseca J, Madden C et al (2009). Palaeoseismology of the Vilaric ̧a Segment of the Manteigas-Braganc ̧a Fault in northeastern Portugal, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 316(1): 237–258.
Rueda J, Mezcua J (2005): Near-real-time seismic moment-tensor determination in Spain. Seismol. Res. Lett. 76: 455–465.
Rueda J, Dreger D, García Blanco RM et al (2014) Directivity detection and source properties of the 11 May 2011 Mw 5.2 Lorca, Spain, earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 104(4): 1735–1749, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130143.
Ruiz-Constán A, Stich D, Galindo-Zaldívar J et al (2009). Is the northwestern Betic Cordillera mountain front active in the context of the convergent Eurasia-Africa plate boundary? Terra Nova 21: 352–359.
Ruiz-Constán A, Galindo-Zaldívar J, Pedrera A et al (2011) Stress distribution at the transition from subduction to continental collision (northwestern and central Betic Cordillera), Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q12002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003824.
Ruiz-Constán A, Pedrera A, Galindo-Zaldivar J et al (2012) Recent and active tectonics in the western part of the Betic Cordillera. Journal of Iberian Geology 38: 161–174 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39211.
Sanz de Galdeano, C. (1983). Los accidentes y fracturas principales de las Cordilleras Béticas, Estudios Geológicos 39: 157–165 (in Spanish).
Sanz de Galdeano C (1990). Geologic evolution of the Betic Cordilleras in the Western Mediterranean, Miocene to the present. Tectonophysics 172: 107–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90062-D.
Senos M, Carrilho F, Costa J, Pena J (2004) Catálogo Sísmico de Portugal Continental e Região Adjacente para o Período 1970–2000. Instituto de Meteorologia, Lisboa, pp 227.
Serrano I, Morales J, Zhao D et al (1998) P-wave tomographic images in the Central Betic-Alborán sea (South Spain) using local earthquakes: contribution for a continental collision. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:4031–4034.
Silva PG, Rodríguez-Pascua MA (eds) (2014) Catálogo de los efectos geológicos de los terremotos en España. IGME.
Silva PG, Goy JL, Somoza L et al (1993) Landscape response to strike- slip faulting linked to collisional settings: quaternary tectonics and basin formation in the Eastern Betics, Southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 224: 289–303.
Silva, PG, Borja, F, Zazo, C, et al. (2005). Archaeoseismic record at the ancient Roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, south Spain). Tectonophysics 408(1):129–146.
Silva PG, Michetti AM, Guerrieri L (2015) Intensity Scale ESI 2007 for Assessing Earthquake Intensities. In: Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer, pp 1–20.
Silva PG, Pérez-lópez R, Rodríguez-pascua MA, et al (2015) Macroseismic analysis of slope movements triggered by the 2011 Lorca Earthquake (Mw 5.1): application of the ESI-07 scale. Geogaceta 57:35–38.
Smith, WHF, Sandwell, D.T. (1997) Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings: evidence for stochastic reheating of the oceanic lithosphere, Science, 277: 1956–1962.
Spakman W and Wortel R (2004) A tomographic view on Western Mediterranean geodynamics. In: Cavazza, W., Roure, F.M., Spakman, W., Stampfli, G.M., Ziegler, P.A. (Eds.), The Transmed Atlas, the Mediterranean region from crust to mantle. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp. 31–52.
Stich, D., Batlló J, Morales J et al (2003b). Source parameters of the 1910 Mw = 6.1 Adra earthquake (southern Spain). Geophysical Journal International 155: 539–546.
Stich, D, Mancilla F, Baumont D et al (2005c), Source analysis of the Mw 6.3 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake [Morocco] using regional apparent source time functions, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B06306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003366.
Stich D, Alguacil G and Morales J (2001) The relative locations of multiplets in the vicinity of the Western Almeria (southern Spain) earthquake series 1993–1994, Geophys. J. Int. 146: 801–812.
Stich D, Ammon CJ, and Morales J (2003a). Moment tensor solutions for small and moderate earthquakes in the Ibero- Maghreb region. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jb002057.
Stich D, Batlló J, Macià R, Teves-Costa P, Morales J (2005a) Moment tensor inversion with single-component historical seismograms: the 1909 Benavente (Portugal) and Lambesc (France) earthquakes. Geophys J Int 162:850–858. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02680.x.
Stich D, Mancilla F, Morales J (2005b). Crust–mantle coupling in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberia). Geophys. Res. Lett. 2, L13306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023098.
Stich D, Serpelloni E, Mancilla F et al (2006). Kinematics of the Iberia-Maghreb plate contact from seismic moment tensors and GPS observations. Tectonophysics 426:295–317.
Stich D, Mancilla Fd, Pondrelli S et al (2007) Source analysis of the February 12th 2007, Mw 6.0 Horseshoe earthquake: Implications for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(12), L12308.
Stich D, Martín R and Morales J (2010). Moment tensor inversion for Iberia-Maghreb earthquakes 2005–2008. Tectonophysics 48: 390–398.
Stucchi M, Rovida A, Gómez Capera AA, et al (2010) NA4 European Earthquake Catalogue 1000–1963, M > 5.8, Deliverable D10. NERIES, Distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (NA4), EC Project number 026130, internal report, 30 pp. http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/neries_NA4/deliverables.php (last accessed on 01 January 2017).
Stucchi M, Rovida, A, Gomez Capera, A et al (2013) The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000–1899, Journal of Seismology, 17(2): 523–544.
Susagna T, Roca A, Goula X et al (1994) Analysis of macroseismic and instrumental data for the study of the 19 November 1923 earthquake in the Aran Valley (Central Pyrenees), Nat. Hazards, 10:7–17.
Tatevossian R, Ugalde A, Batlló J, Macià R (2006) Macroseismic and instrumental data comprehensive analysis: Earthquake of June 2, 1930 in Catalonia. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 8, 11 p. https://doi.org/10.2205/2005es000195.
Terrinha P, Matias L, Vicente J et al (2009) Morphotectonics and strain partitioning at the Iberia–Africa plate boundary from multibeam and seismic reflection data, Marine Geology, 267(3–4): 156–174.
Teves-Costa P, Batlló J (2011) The 23 April 1909 Benavente earthquake (Portugal): macroseismic field revision. J Seismol 15:59–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-010-9207-6.
Teves-Costa P, Borges JF, Rio I, Ribeiro R, Marreiros C (1999) Source parameters of old earthquakes: semi-automatic digitization of analog records and seismic moment assessment. Nat Hazards 19:205–220. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008140908258.
Vegas R, Banda E (1982) Tectonic framework and Alpine evolution of the Iberian Peninsula. Earth Evolution Sciences, 4:320–343.
Vernant P, Fadil A, Mourabit T (2010) Geodetic constraints on active tectonics of the Western Mediterranean: Implications for the kinematics and dynamics of the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary zone. Journal of Geodynamics 49: 123–129.
Vernant P, Hivert F, Chéry J et al (2013) Erosion-induced isostatic rebound triggers extension in low convergent mountain ranges, Geology, 41: 467–470.
Vidal F (1986). Sismotectónica de la Región Béticas-Mar de Alborán, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Granada (in Spanish).
Villa Valdés A (2009) Geoarcheological context of the destruction and abandonment of a fortified village in Asturias in the 2nd Century AD: Chao Samartín (Grandas de Salime, Asturias, Spain). In Pérez-López R, Grützner C, Lario J, Reicherter K, Silva PG (eds): 1st INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Earthquake Archaeology and Palaeoseismology, 160–161.
Villanueva Muñoz EA (1986) La planificación urbana de Vera tras el terremoto de 1518 forma y significado. Roel: Cuadernos de civilización de la cuenca del Almanzora, 7/8:127–143.
Villaseñor A, Chevrot S, Harnafi M (2015) Subduction and volcanism in the Iberia–North Africa collision zone from tomographic images of the upper mantle. Tectonophysics 663: 238–249.
Zitellini N, Gràcia E, Matias L et al (2009) The quest for the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 280(1–4): 13–50.
Zoback ML (1992), First and second order patterns of stress in the lithosphere: The World Stress Map Project, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11703–11728.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stich, D. et al. (2020). Seismicity of the Iberian Peninsula. In: Quesada, C., Oliveira, J. (eds) The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10931-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10931-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10930-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10931-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)