The Fall of France in the Second World War pp 123-159 | Cite as
Divine Punishment and Decadence
Chapter
First Online:
Abstract
This chapter describes how the concepts of divine punishment and decadence have been used to explain the fall of France, from the first days of the disaster to the present day. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church, which in the main supported the Vichy regime, was quick to ascribe France’s collapse to the country’s past sinfulness. But not all Catholics accepted this interpretation, one which did not survive the war. Much more widespread and long-lasting has been the theme of decadence, even though its meanings are multifarious, amorphous and often difficult to grasp.
Bibliography
- Agulhon M., A. Nouschi, and R. Schor (1993) La France de 1914 à 1940 (Paris: Editions Nathan Université).Google Scholar
- Allard P. (1941a) Les Provocateurs de la Guerre (Paris: Editions de France).Google Scholar
- Allard P. (1941b) Les Responsables du Désastre (Paris: Editions de France).Google Scholar
- Allard P. (1941c) L’Enigme de la Meuse: la Vérité sur l’affaire Corap (Paris: Les Editions de France).Google Scholar
- Atkin N. (2003) The Forgotten French: Exiles in the British Isles 1940–1944 (Manchester: Manchester University Press).Google Scholar
- Azéma J.-P. and F. Bédarida (eds.) (1992) Le regime de Vichy et les Français (Paris: Fayard).Google Scholar
- Azéma J.-P. and O. Wieviorka (1997) Vichy 1940–1944 (Paris: Perrin).Google Scholar
- Baruch M. (1996) Le régime de Vichy (Paris: La Découverte).Google Scholar
- Beaufre A. (1965) Le drame de 1940 (Paris: Plon).Google Scholar
- Beaufre A. (1967) 1940: The Fall of France (London: Cassell).Google Scholar
- Becker J.-J. (2005) La France de 1914 à 1940 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France Que sais-je?).Google Scholar
- Belot R. (2015) Lucien Rebatet: le fascisme comme contre-culture (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes).Google Scholar
- Benoist-Méchin J. (1941) La Moisson de Quarante: Journal d’un Prisonnier de Guerre (Paris: Editions Albin Michel).Google Scholar
- Bernanos G. (1946) Lettres aux Anglais (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Berstein S. (1988) La France des années trente (Paris: Arman Colin).Google Scholar
- Berstein S. and P. Milza (1991) Histoire de la France au XXe siècle II. 1930–1950 (Paris: Armand Colin).Google Scholar
- Betz A. and S. Martens (eds.) (2004) Les Intellectuels et l’Occupation 1940–1944: Collaborer, partir, résister (Paris: Autrement).Google Scholar
- Blum L. (1945a) A l’échelle humaine (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Blum L. (1945b) For All Mankind (A l’Echelle Humaine) (London: Gollancz).Google Scholar
- Bonnard A. (1941) Pensées dans l’Action (Paris, Grasset).Google Scholar
- Boris G. (1942) French Public Opinion Since the Armistice (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
- Cairns J. (1974a) ‘A Nation of Shopkeepers in Search of a Suitable France 1919–1940’, American Historical Review, 79, 3.Google Scholar
- Cairns J.(1974b) ‘Some Recent Historians and the “Strange Defeat” of 1940’, Journal of Modern History, 46:1, 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chardonne J. (1940) Chronique Privée de l’An 1940 (Paris: Stock).Google Scholar
- Chardonne J. and J. Paulhan (1999) Correspondance (1928–1962) (Paris: Stock).Google Scholar
- Churchill W. (1948–1949) The Second World War 1: The Gathering Storm; 2: Their Finest Hour (London: Cassell).Google Scholar
- Cobb M. (2009) The Resistance: The French Fight Against the Nazis (London: Simon & Schuster).Google Scholar
- Cot P. (1944) Triumph of Treason (Chicago and New York: Ziff Davis).Google Scholar
- Crémieux-Brilhac J.-L. (1990) Les Français de l’An 40 (2 vols.) (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Dard O. (1999) Les années 30: Le choix impossible (Paris: Le Livre de Poche).Google Scholar
- Delpla F. (2010) Churchill et les Français: Six hommes dans la tourmente Septembre 1939-Juin 1940 (Paris: François-Xavier de Guibert).Google Scholar
- Destremau C. (2017) Churchill et la France (Paris: Perrin/Ministère de la Défense).Google Scholar
- Dockrill M. (1999) British Establishment Perspectives on France 1936–1940 (Basingstoke: Macmillan).Google Scholar
- Drieu la Rochelle P. (1941) Ne Plus Attendre (Notes à leur date) (Paris: Grasset).Google Scholar
- Duroselle J.-B. (1979) Politique étrangère de la France: La Décadence 1932–1939 (Paris: Imprimerie nationale).Google Scholar
- Evans R. (1997) In Defence of History (London: Granta).Google Scholar
- Finney P. (2011) Remembering the Road to World War Two: International History, National Identity, Collective Memory (London: Routledge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- French D. (2000) Raising Churchill’s Army: The British Army and the War Against Germany 1919–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
- Friedmann G. (1987) Journal de guerre 1939–1940 (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Fritsch-Estrangin G. (1969) New York entre de Gaulle et Pétain: Les Français aux Etats-Unis de 1940 à 1946 (Paris: La Table Ronde).Google Scholar
- Gildea R. (2015) Fighters in the Shadows: A New History of the French Resistance (London: Faber & Faber).Google Scholar
- Godard H. (2011) Céline (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Grosser P. (1999) Pourquoi la 2e Guerre mondiale? (Brussels: Editions Complexe).Google Scholar
- Guéhenno J. (1947) Journal des années noires 1940–1944 (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Guéhenno J. (2014) Diary of the Dark Years 1940–1944: Collaboration, Resistance and Daily Life in Occupied Paris (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
- Halls W. (1995) Politics, Society and Christianity in Vichy France (Oxford: Berg).Google Scholar
- Horne A. (1969) To Lose a Battle: France 1940 (London: Macmillan).Google Scholar
- Jackson J. (2001) France: The Dark Years 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
- Jackson P. (2006) ‘Post-war Politics and the Historiography of French Strategy and Diplomacy Before the Second World War’, History Compass, 4:5, 870–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Laborie P. (2001) L’Opinion française sous Vichy: Les Français et la crise d’identité nationale 1936–1944 (Paris: Seuil).Google Scholar
- Lackerstein D. (2012) National Regeneration in Vichy France: Ideas and Policies 1930–1944 (Farnham: Ashgate).Google Scholar
- Leutze J. (ed.) (1972) The London Observer: The Journal of General Raymond E. Lee 1940–1941 (London: Hutchinson).Google Scholar
- Loyer E. (2005) Paris à New York: Intellectuels et artistes français en exil 1940–1947 (Paris: Grasset).Google Scholar
- Maritain J. (1940) A travers le désastre (New York: Editions de la Maison Française).Google Scholar
- Maritain J. (1941) France My Country: Through the Disaster (New York: Longmans Green).Google Scholar
- Martel G. (ed.) (1999) The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: A.J.P. Taylor and the Historians (London: Routledge).Google Scholar
- Maurois A. (1940) Why France Fell (London: John Lane The Bodley Head).Google Scholar
- Maurois A. (1942) I Remember, I Remember (New York: Longmans Green).Google Scholar
- Maurras C. (1941) La Seule France: Chronique des Jours d’Epreuve (Lyon: Lardanchet).Google Scholar
- Maurras C. (1942) De la Colère à la Justice: Réflexions sur un désastre (Geneva: Editions du Milieu du Monde).Google Scholar
- Nettelbeck C. (1991) Forever French: Exile in the United States 1939–1945 (Oxford: Berg).Google Scholar
- Osgood S. (ed.) (1972) The Fall of France 1940: Causes and Responsibilities (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath).Google Scholar
- Paxton R. (1972) Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order 1940–1944 (New York: Columbia University Press).Google Scholar
- Pétain P. (1989) Discours aux Français 17 juin 1940–1920 août 1944 (Paris: Albin Michel).Google Scholar
- Quétel C. (2010) L’impardonnable défaite 1918–1940 (Paris: JC Lattès).Google Scholar
- Quinton L. (2014) Digérer la Défaite: Récits de captivité des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940–1953) (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes).Google Scholar
- Rebierre P. (1941) De la Victoire à la Défaite (Paris: Baudinière).Google Scholar
- Recouly R. (1941) Les Causes de Notre Effondrement (Paris: Editions de France).Google Scholar
- Reynolds D. (2004) In Command of History: Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War (London: Penguin).Google Scholar
- Roussel E. (2009) Le Naufrage 16 juin 1940 (Paris: Gallimard).Google Scholar
- Shirer W. (1969) The Collapse of the Third Republic: an Enquiry into the Fall of France in 1940 (New York: Simon & Schuster).Google Scholar
- Vergnon G. and Y. Santamaria (eds.) (2015) Le syndrome de 1940: Un trou noir mémoriel? (Paris: Riveneuve).Google Scholar
- Vinen R. (2006) The Unfree French: Life Under the Occupation (London: Penguin).Google Scholar
- Warner G. (1968) Pierre Laval and the Eclipse of France (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode).Google Scholar
- Weber E. (1995) The Hollow Years: France in the 1930s (London: Sinclair-Stevenson).Google Scholar
- Wieviorka O. (2013) Histoire de la Résistance 1940–1945 (Paris: France Loisirs).Google Scholar
- Wieviorka O. (2016) The French Resistance (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Copyright information
© The Author(s) 2019